Lesson 138 - Parts of the Sentence - Pronouns

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Pronouns take the place of nouns. Personal pronouns have what is called case. Case means that a different form of a pronoun is used for different parts of the sentence. There are three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive. Many mistakes are made in the use of nominative and objective case pronouns. Memorizing each list will help you use them correctly.

Nominative case pronouns are I, she, he, we, they, and who. They are used as subjects, predicate nominatives, and appositives when used with a subject or predicate nominative.

Objective case pronouns are me, her, him, us, them, and whom. They are used as direct objects, indirect objects, objects of the preposition, and appositives when used with one of the objects. (We will learn about indirect objects and objects of the preposition in later lessons.) (You and it are both nominative and objective case.)

Possessive case pronouns are my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, your, yours, their, and theirs. They are used to show ownership.

Instructions: Choose the correct form of the pronoun and tell why you chose it.

1. (Who, Whom) did you send?

2. The man saw (them, they) outside.

3. Had the girls met (he, him) before?

4. The boss helped (we, us), Tom and (I, me).

5. I saw (she, her) at the door.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Whom did you send?

    - direct object, objective case

2. The man saw them outside.

    - direct object, objective case

3. Had the girls met him before?

    - direct object, objective case

4. The boss helped us, Tom and me.

    - direct object and appositive, objective case

5. I saw her at the door.

    - direct object, objective case

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Lesson 338 - Mechanics - Punctuation - Periods

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Special abbreviations or initials need a period. Example: C.O.D. (cash on delivery) (Many abbreviations and acronyms, especially government agencies, now do not use periods and the abbreviations may be found written in several forms. Example: miles per hour = mph, m.p.h., Mph, MPH) For our purposes we will use periods with abbreviations to be consistent.

Instructions: Put periods where needed in the following sentences.

1. I will send the package C O D to M I T

2. The soldier got lost returning to base but was considered A W O L

3. Dr Hill is really a D D S

4. U S S R no longer exists since it has been divided into several smaller countries.

5. I want to join the U S N and become a Marine.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. I will send the package C.O.D. to M.I.T.

2. The soldier got lost returning to base but was considered A.W.O.L.

3. Dr. Hill is really a D.D.S.

4. U.S.S.R. no longer exists since it has been divided into several smaller countries.

5. I want to join the U.S.N. and become a Marine.

Note: When a period is used for an abbreviation or some other reason at the end of the sentence, you do not need a second one to end the sentence. The one period does double duty.

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Lesson 137 - Parts of the Sentence - Pronouns

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Pronouns take the place of nouns. Personal pronouns have what is called case. Case means that a different form of a pronoun is used for different parts of the sentence. There are three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive. Many mistakes are made in the use of nominative and objective case pronouns. Memorizing each list will help you use them correctly.

Nominative case pronouns are I, she, he, we, they, and who. They are used as subjects, predicate nominatives, and appositives when used with a subject or predicate nominative.

Objective case pronouns are me, her, him, us, them, and whom. They are used as direct objects, indirect objects, objects of the preposition, and appositives when used with one of the objects. (We will learn about indirect objects and objects of the preposition in later lessons.) (You and it are both nominative and objective case.)

Possessive case pronouns are my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, your, yours, their, and theirs. They are used to show ownership.

Instructions: Choose the correct form of the pronoun and tell why you chose it.

1. It could have been (them, they).

2. Yes, it was (us, we).

3. The runaway girl was (her, she).

4. This is (him, he).

5. The winner was (me, I).

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. It could have been they.

    - predicate nominative, nominative case

2. Yes, it was we.

    - predicate nominative, nominative case

3. The runaway girl was she.

    - predicate nominative, nominative case

4. This is he.

    - predicate nominative, nominative case

5. The winner was I.

    - predicate nominative, nominative case

 

Note: Predicate nominatives give us the most trouble; therefore, these may all sound strange to you, but they are correct.

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Lesson 337 - Mechanics - Punctuation - Periods

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Use a period after the abbreviations Mr., Mrs., Ms., Dr., and St. (Saint) before a name and Jr., Sr., and Esq., after a name. Do not use a period with Miss because it is not an abbreviation.

Instructions: Put periods where needed in the following sentences.

1. Mr Samuel H White spoke at the celebration last night.

2. Mr and Mrs J B Smythe and their son J B Smythe, Jr , will be at the opening ceremonies.

3. Have you been to St Petersburg and St Louis?

4. Dr Leonard J Arrington was a great historian

5. Ms P T Roberts and Mr John J Jones, Esq will speak at tomorrow's meeting.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Mr. Samuel H. White spoke at the celebration last night.

2. Mr. and Mrs. J. B. Smythe and their son J. B. Smythe, Jr., will be at the opening ceremonies.

3. Have you been to St. Petersburg and St. Louis?

4. Dr. Leonard J. Arrington was a great historian.

5. Ms. P. T. Roberts and Mr. John J. Jones, Esq. will speak at tomorrow's meeting.

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Lesson 136 - Parts of the Sentence - Pronouns

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Pronouns take the place of nouns. Personal pronouns have what is called case. Case means that a different form of a pronoun is used for different parts of the sentence. There are three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive. Many mistakes are made in the use of nominative and objective case pronouns. Memorizing each list will help you use them correctly.

Nominative case pronouns are I, she, he, we, they, and who. They are used as subjects, predicate nominatives, and appositives when used with a subject or predicate nominative.

Objective case pronouns are me, her, him, us, them, and whom. They are used as direct objects, indirect objects, objects of the preposition, and appositives when used with one of the objects. (We will learn about indirect objects and objects of the preposition in later lessons.) (You and it are both nominative and objective case.)

Possessive case pronouns are my, mine, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, our, ours, your, yours, their, and theirs. They are used to show ownership.

Instructions: Choose the correct form of the pronoun and tell why you chose it.

1. (I, Me) went to the movie.

2. (Him, He) is my best friend.

3. (They, Them) will be here soon.

4. (She, Her) ran happily down the street.

5. There (we, us) went.

6. (Who, Whom) is it?

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. I went to the movie.   

    - subject, nominative case

2. He is my best friend.

    - subject, nominative case

3. They will be here soon.

    - subject, nominative case

4. She ran happily down the street.

    - subject, nominative case

5. There we went.

    - subject, nominative case

6. Who is it?

    - subject, nominative case

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Lesson 336 - Mechanics - Punctuation - Periods

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Use a period after initials used in names. 

 

Examples: 

E. F. Smith

Helen R. Hunsaker

W. James Swift

Instructions: Put periods where needed in the following sentences.

1. B D Hibler and Gene W Riding started a new company

2. I know K Malone and J Stockton play for the Utah Jazz.

3. Clara B Walters and Ann J Frampton are sisters.

4. C S Lewis is an interesting author to read.

5. I think names with more than two initials like J R R Tolkien are interesting names.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. B. D. Hibler and Gene W. Riding started a new company.

2. I know K. Malone and J. Stockton play for the Utah Jazz.

3. Clara B. Walters and Ann J. Frampton are sisters.

4. C. S. Lewis is an interesting author to read.

5. I think names with more than two initials like J. R. R. Tolkien are interesting names.

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Quiz for Lessons 131- 135 - Parts of the Sentence - Nouns of Address

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Instructions: Find the verbs, subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, appositive, and nouns of address in these sentences and tell whether the verb is transitive active (ta), transitive passive (tp), intransitive linking (il), or intransitive complete (ic).

1. Dr. Jensen, a brain surgeon, performed the complicated operation.

2. These parts of the sentence, an appositive and a noun of address, are sometimes confused, students.

3. My fellow citizens, our local paper, the Blab, covers the news well.

4. That mongrel, a shaggy-looking creature, is my dog Badger.

5. You should consult Dr. A. J. Hoyt, a skin specialist, sir.

6. You, my dear, will have my promise, a statement of honor.

7. For dinner I had my favorite dessert, strawberry pie.

8. Comrades, we are here in Russia once again.

9, Matthew, have you swum in the Pacific Ocean, Balboa's discovery?

10. Have you met my friend, Amy?

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. performed = verb (ta), Dr. Jensen = subject, operation = direct object, surgeon = appositive

2. are confused = verb (tp), parts = subject, appositive/ noun = appositives, students = noun of address

3. covers = verb (ta), paper = subject, news = direct object, Blab = appositive, citizens = noun of address

4. is = verb (il), mongrel = subject, dog = predicate nominative, creature/Badger = appositives

5. should consult = verb (ta), you = subject, Dr. A. J. Hoyt = direct object, specialist = appositive, sir = noun of address

6. will have = verb (ta), you = subject, promise = direct object, statement = appositive, dear = noun of address

7. had = verb (ta), I = subject, dessert = direct object, pie = appositive

8. are = verb (ic), we = subject, Comrades = noun of address

9. have swum = verb (ic), you = subject, discovery = appositive, Matthew = noun of address

10. have met = verb (ta), you = subject, friend = direct object, Amy = noun of address (If it were an appositive, it would have no commas.)

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Quiz for Lessons 331 - 335 - Mechanics - End Punctuation

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Use a period to end a declarative sentence.  A declarative sentence makes a statement.

 

Use a period to end an imperative sentence. An imperative sentence makes a command or request.

Use a question mark to end an interrogative sentence. An interrogative sentence asks a direct question.

Use an exclamation point to end an exclamatory sentence or any strong exclamation. (A strong exclamation is called an interjection.) Many exclamations begin with how or what.

 

Instructions: Put the needed punctuation in each of these sentences.

1. Don't run out in the street

2. Now is the time to support honesty in all aspects of life

3. Well Here we go again

4. Pay attention, will you

5. Who is that guy walking down the hall

6. He doesn't live here anymore

7. Get out of here

8. Did you bring the money that we need

9. Watch what you are doing

10. I will see you tomorrow

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Don't run out in the street. -or- !

2. Now is the time to support honesty in all aspects of life. -or- !

3. Well! Here we go again. -or- !

4. Pay attention, will you! -or- .

5. Who is that guy walking down the hall? -or- !

6. He doesn't live here anymore. -or- !

7. Get out of here! -or- .

8. Did you bring the money that we need? -or- !

9. Watch what you are doing. -or- !

10. I will see you tomorrow. -or- !

(Notice how the exclamation point can be used to give added emphasis or feeling to a sentence.)

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Lesson 135 - Parts of the Sentence - Nouns of Address

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Nouns or nominatives of address are the persons or things to which you are speaking. They are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma or commas, may have modifiers, and are not related to the rest of the sentence grammatically. You can remove them and a complete sentence remains. They may be first, last or in the middle of the sentence. 

 

Examples: 

John, where are you going? 

Where are you going, John? 

Where, John, are you going?

An appositive is a word or group of words that identifies or renames the noun or pronoun that it follows. It is set off by commas unless closely tied to the word that it identifies or renames. ("Closely tied" means that it is needed to identify the word.) 

 

Examples: 

My son Carl is a medical technician. (no commas) 

Badger, our dog with a missing leg, has a love for cats. (commas needed)

We must be sure to not confuse nouns of address with appositives since they are both set off with commas.

Instructions: Find the verbs, subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, appositive, and nouns of address in these sentences and tell whether the verb is transitive active (ta), transitive passive (tp), intransitive linking (il), or intransitive complete (ic).

1. My car, a Plymouth van, rolled over and over on the highway.

2. Class, please read chapter one, "Verbs."

3. Gentlemen, we must help our young people, the leaders of tomorrow.

4. Sarah, this is my brother Ken.

5. We are planning a trip for next summer, young lady.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. rolled = verb (ic), car = subject, van = appositive

2. read = verb (ta), you (understood) = subject, chapter one = direct object, "Verbs" = appositive, class = noun of address

3. must help = verb (ta), we = subject, people = direct object, leaders = appositive, gentlemen = noun of address

4. is = verb (il), this = subject, brother = predicate nominative, Ken = appositive, Sarah = noun of address

5. are planning = verb (ta), we = subject, trip = direct object, lady = noun of address

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Lesson 335 - Mechanics - End Punctuation

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Use a period to end a declarative sentence.  A declarative sentence makes a statement.

 

Example:

The assignment is due tomorrow.

Use a period to end an imperative sentence. An imperative sentence makes a command or request.

 

Examples:

Hand it in now.

Stop. 

Use a question mark to end an interrogative sentence. An interrogative sentence asks a direct question.

 

Example:

Do you know the man?

Use an exclamation point to end an exclamatory sentence or any strong exclamation. (A strong exclamation is called an interjection.) Many exclamations begin with how or what.

 

Examples:

The assignment is due tomorrow!

Stop!

Do you know the man!  

 

Instructions: Put the needed punctuation in each of these sentences.

1. Who will win the debates, Gore or Bush

2. Do your chores and your home work, and then you can play

3. Ouch That hurt

4. I saw most of the Olympic Games on television

5. Did you see the flying saucer

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Who will win the debates, Gore or Bush?

2. Do your chores and your home work, and then you can play.

3. Ouch! That hurt!

4. I saw most of the Olympic Games on television.

5. Did you see the flying saucer? -or- ! (depending on how you want it said)

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Lesson 134 - Parts of the Sentence - Nouns of Address

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Nouns or nominatives of address are the persons or things to which you are speaking. They are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma or commas, may have modifiers, and are not related to the rest of the sentence grammatically. You can remove them and a complete sentence remains. They may be first, last or in the middle of the sentence. 

 

Examples: 

John, where are you going? 

Where are you going, John? 

Where, John, are you going?

An appositive is a word or group of words that identifies or renames the noun or pronoun that it follows. It is set off by commas unless closely tied to the word that it identifies or renames. ("Closely tied" means that it is needed to identify the word.) 

 

Examples: 

My son Carl is a medical technician. (no commas) 

Badger, our dog with a missing leg, has a love for cats. (commas needed)

We must be sure to not confuse nouns of address with appositives since they are both set off with commas.

Instructions: Find the verbs, subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, appositive, and nouns of address in these sentences and tell whether the verb is transitive active (ta), transitive passive (tp), intransitive linking (il), or intransitive complete (ic).

1. Sam, where is that car, the Volvo?

2. Joe, that woman, Miss Clayson, is a famous newscaster.

3. Mr. Smith, our sponsor, is upset with our advertising, Helen.

4. Kids, I want you to meet our new neighbor, Ann Wise.

5. Everyone, we will watch the television program, "Memories."

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. is = verb (ic), car = subject, Volvo = appositive, Sam = noun of address

2. is = verb (il), woman = subject, newscaster = predicate nominative, Miss Clayson = appositive, Joe = noun of address

3. is upset = verb (tp), Mr. Smith = subject, sponsor = appositive, Helen = noun of address

4. want = verb (ta), I = subject, you = direct object, Ann Wise = appositive, Kids = noun of address

5. will watch = verb (ta), we = subject, program = direct object, Everyone = noun of address, "Memories" = appositive

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Lesson 334 - Mechanics - End Punctuation

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Use an exclamation point to end an exclamatory sentence or any strong exclamation. (A strong exclamation is called an interjection.) Many exclamations begin with how or what.

 

Examples:

The assignment is due tomorrow!

Stop!

Do you know the man!  

Instructions: Put the needed punctuation in each of these sentences.

1. What a game that was

2. Wow Our team won in the last minute

3. How lovely your Christmas decorations are

4. Oh I need to hurry

5. What I did exactly what you asked

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. What a game that was!

2. Wow! Our team won in the last minute!

3. How lovely your Christmas decorations are!

4. Oh! I need to hurry!

5. What! I did exactly what you asked!

Note: Any sentence can have an exclamation point if you want to say it in that way.

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Lesson 133 - Parts of the Sentence - Nouns of Address

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Nouns or nominatives of address are the persons or things to which you are speaking. They are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma or commas, may have modifiers, and are not related to the rest of the sentence grammatically. You can remove them and a complete sentence remains. They may be first, last or in the middle of the sentence. 

 

Examples: 

John, where are you going? 

Where are you going, John? 

Where, John, are you going?

Instructions: Find the verbs, subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, and nouns of address in these sentences and tell whether the verb is transitive active (ta), transitive passive (tp), intransitive linking (il), or intransitive complete (ic).

1. General, your men are loyal soldiers and brave fighters.

2. There is no need for alarm, students.

3. Will he give the instructions again, Miss Jones?

4. Men and women, we must meet our goals to be successful.

5. Becky, the guests have already arrived.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. are = verb (il), men = subject, soldiers/fighters = predicate nominatives, general = noun of address

2. is = verb (ic), need = subject, students = noun of address

3. will give = verb (ta), he = subject, instructions = direct object, Miss Jones = noun of address

4. must meet = verb (ta), we = subject, goals = direct object, Men/women = nouns of address

5. have arrived = verb (ic), guests = subject, Becky = noun of address

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Lesson 333 - Mechanics - End Punctuation

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Use a question mark to end an interrogative sentence. An interrogative sentence asks a direct question.

 

Example:

Do you know the man?

Instructions: Put the needed punctuation in each of these sentences.

1. Can anyone see the screen with the movie

2. What have you done to this room

3. Where were you yesterday

4. How can you act in such a terrible manner

5. Who wants to go with me

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Can anyone see the screen with the movie?

2. What have you done to this room?

3. Where were you yesterday?

4. How can you act in such a terrible manner?

5. Who wants to go with me?

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