Quiz for Lessons 246 - 250 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

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Instructions: Tell whether the words in quotation marks are independent clauses, dependent clauses, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, gerund phrases, or infinitive phrases.

1. Do not leave for help "until I signal you."

2. "Here are the plants" that you wanted.

3. I remained "staring at the damage" when help arrived.

4. "Having learned the outcome," I was at a loss "to know what to do."

5. The neighbors stared "at me" in unbelief.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences with the appropriate co-ordinate conjunctions.

6. I turned on my radio. There was no sound.

7. The storm had ended. The sun peeked out from the clouds.

8. I did not attend the meeting. John didn't either.

9. You must leave soon. You will be late for class.

10. A phrase has neither a verb nor a subject. The clause has both.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. until I signal you = dependent clause

2. Here are the plants = independent clause

3. staring at the damage = participial phrase

4. Having learned the outcome = participial phrase, to know what to do = infinitive phrase

5. at me = prepositional phrase

6. I turned on the radio, but there was no sound.

7. The storm had ended, and the sun peeked out from the clouds.

8. I did not attend the meeting, nor did John.

9. You must leave soon, or you will be late for class.

10. A phrase has neither a verb nor a subject, but the clause has both.

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Lesson 250 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

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A clause is a group of words having a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is always used as some part of speech. It can be an adjective, adverb, or noun. It cannot stand alone as a sentence.

A phrase is a group of words used as a sentence part. It does not have a subject and a verb. It can be a noun, adjective, or adverb. We have studied the following phrases: prepositional, gerund, participial, and infinitive.

A compound sentence combines two or more independent clauses. Commas separate the clauses of a compound sentence. (A short sentence joined by and is sometimes combined without a comma.)  A semicolon can take the place of the conjunction and comma. Only clauses closely related in thought should be joined to make a compound sentence.

 

Example: 

She talks and he listens.

Instructions: Tell whether the words in quotation marks are independent clauses, dependent clauses, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, gerund phrases, or infinitive phrases.

1. "When I received the email," I knew it was "not to be opened."

2. When you go to the store, "buy some ice cream and cookies."

3. The vase must have been broken "by the grandchildren."

4. "Having been left alone," the boy jumped at every noise.

5. "Planning a successful wedding" requires lots of work.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. When I received the email = dependent clause, not to be opened = infinitive phrase

2. buy some ice cream and cookies = independent clause

3. by the grandchildren = prepositional phrase

4. Having been left alone = participial phrase

5. Planning a successful wedding = gerund phrase

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Quiz for Lessons 236 - 240 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

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Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. Are you too busy to help us?

2. The crying child rushed to his mother.

3. He jumped from the cliff without looking down.

4. Walking is good for everyone.

5. Jim loves to play basketball.

6. Correction by others is hard to take.

7. Fearing their enemies, many small animals are nocturnal.

8. Law and Order is the program to watch tonight.

9. I don't know whether to go or to stay.

10. Our next job, to finish the painting, should be easy.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Are you too busy to help us?

- to help us (adverb infinitive phrase) modifying the predicate adjective busy

2. The crying child rushed to his mother.

- crying (participle) modifying the subject child

3. He jumped from the cliff without looking down.

- looking down (gerund phrase) used as the object of the preposition without

4. Walking is good for everyone.

- Walking (gerund) used as the subject

5. Jim loves to play basketball.

- to play basketball (noun infinitive phrase) used as the direct object

6. Correction by others is hard to take.

- to take (adverb infinitive) modifying the predicate adjective hard

7. Fearing their enemies, many small animals are nocturnal.

- Fearing their enemies (participial phrase) modifying the subject animals

8. Law and Order is the program to watch tonight.

- to watch tonight (adjective infinitive phrase) modifying the predicate nominative program

9. I don't know whether to go or to stay.

- to go/to stay (noun infinitives) used as direct objects

10. Our next job, to finish the painting, should be easy.

- to finish the painting (noun infinitive) used as an appositive

- painting (gerund) used as the direct object to the verbal to finish

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Lesson 240 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

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A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example: 

Eating is fun.

A participle is used as an adjective and ends various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly.  

 

Examples: 

played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. 

 

Examples: 

to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. You are difficult to understand.

2. Jack hopes to join the Army next month.

3. The Senate favors increasing taxes.

4. The broken lamp lay on the floor.

5. I saw him trying to open the trunk.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. You are difficult to understand.

- to understand (adverb infinitive) modifying the predicate adjective difficult

2. Jack hopes to join the Army next month.

- to join the Army next month (noun infinitive phrase) used as the direct object

3. The Senate favors increasing taxes.

- increasing taxes (gerund phrase) used as the direct object

4. The broken lamp lay on the floor.

- broken (participle) modifying the subject lamp

5. I saw him trying to open the trunk.

- trying to open the trunk (participial phrase) modifying the direct object him

- to open the trunk (noun infinitive phrase) used as the direct object to the verbal trying

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Lesson 239 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

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A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example: 

Eating is fun.

A participle is used as an adjective and ends various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly.  

 

Examples: 

played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. 

 

Examples: 

to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. The glancing blow did little damage.

2. Go to the dictionary to look for the answer.

3. This computer game is easy to play and to understand.

4. Have you tried writing it down daily?

5. His chief interests are skiing and racing.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The glancing blow did little damage.

- glancing (participle) modifying the subject blow

2. Go to the dictionary to look for the answer.

- to look for the answer (adverb infinitive phrase) modifying the verb go

3. This computer game is easy to play and to understand.

- to play/to understand (adverb infinitives) modifying the predicate adjective easy

4. Have you tried writing it down daily?

- writing it down daily (gerund phrase) used as the direct object

5. His chief interests are skiing and racing.

- skiing/racing (gerunds) used as predicate nominatives

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Lesson 238 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

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A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example: 

Eating is fun.

A participle is used as an adjective and ends various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly.  

 

Examples: 

played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. 

 

Examples: 

to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. Blaming others is not being honest with oneself.

2. We do not plan to change the rules.

3. Forgetting his promise, Jeff returned home late.

4. My dog is too old to learn new tricks.

5. One way to improve is regular practice.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Blaming others is not being honest with oneself.

- Blaming others (gerund phrase) used as the subject

2. We do not plan to change the rules.

- to change the rules (noun infinitive phrase) used as the direct object

3. Forgetting his promise, Jeff returned home late.

- Forgetting his promise (participial phrase) modifying the subject Jeff

4. My dog is too old to learn new tricks.

- to learn new tricks (adverb infinitive phrase) modifying the predicate adjective old

5. One way to improve is regular practice.

- to improve (adjective infinitive) modifying the subject way

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Lesson 237 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

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A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example: 

Eating is fun.

A participle is used as an adjective and ends various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly.  

 

Examples: 

played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. 

 

Examples: 

to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. Signs hung too high can't be read.

2. You know my weakness, eating late at night.

3. Your weeping and wailing will not change a thing.

4. To decorate for the dance will cost too much.

5. Do you have a book to read?

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Signs hung too high can't be read.

- hung too high (participial phrase) modifying the subject Signs

2. You know my weakness, eating late at night.

- eating late at night (gerund phrase) used as an appositive

3. Your weeping and wailing will not change a thing.

- weeping/wailing (gerunds) used as subjects

4. To decorate for the dance will cost too much.

- to decorate for the dance (noun infinitive phrase) used as the subject

5. Do you have a book to read?

- to read (adverb infinitive) modifying the verb Do have

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Lesson 236 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

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A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example: 

Eating is fun.

A participle is used as an adjective and ends various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly.  

 

Examples: 

played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. 

 

Examples: 

to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives, or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. To see better, I got new glasses.

2. Sometimes I just need to do more.

3. Having changed his mind, he turned to go.

4. The team winning the match will be given new shirts.

5. You can go home only by crossing the street.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. To see better, I got new glasses.

- To see better (adverb infinitive phrase) modifying the verb got

2. Sometimes I just need to do more.

- to do more (noun infinitive phrase) used as the direct object

3. Having changed his mind, he turned to go.

- having changed his mind (participial phrase) modifying the subject he

- to go (adverb infinitive) modifying the verb turned

4. The team winning the match will be given new shirts.

- winning the match (participial phrase) modifying the subject team

5. You can go home only by crossing the street.

- crossing the street (gerund phrase) used as the object of the preposition

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Quiz for Lessons 211-215 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Gerunds

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Instructions: Find the gerunds and gerund phrases in the following sentences and tell how they are used (subject, direct object, predicate nominative, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. Cooking gourmet meals can be very expensive.

2. NASA likes shooting at the moon.

3. You need a rereading of the script.

4. Our only hope is taking them by surprise.

5. That man was known for sparing the rod.

6. You cannot do that, parking near a fire hydrant.

7. Our task, driving on that road, was very difficult.

8. Try doing it this way.

9. Just thinking of traveling in space excites many people.

10. I find relaxation in my gardening.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Cooking gourmet meals can be very expensive.

    - subject

2. NASA likes shooting at the moon.

    - direct object

3. You need a rereading of the script.

    - direct object

4. Our only hope is taking them by surprise.

    - predicate nominative

5. That man was known for sparing the rod.

    - object of the preposition

6. You cannot do that, parking near a fire hydrant.

    - appositive

7. Our task, driving on that road, was very difficult.

    - appositive

8. Try doing it this way.

    - direct object

9. Just thinking of traveling in space excites many people.

    - just thinking of traveling in space - subject

    - traveling in space - object of the preposition

10. I find relaxation in my gardening.

      - object of the preposition

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Lesson 215 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Gerunds

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A gerund is a verbal that always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example:

Eating is fun.

Gerunds can be compound. 

 

Example: 

Jeff likes hiking and camping.

 

The gerund can be a subject, a direct object, a predicate nominative, an appositive, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. 

 

Examples: 

Eating is fun. (subject)

I like eating. (direct object)

A fun time is eating. (predicate nominative)

A fun time, eating, takes much time. (appositive)

I give eating too much time. (indirect object)

I give much time to eating. (object of preposition)

Gerunds can have with them direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives or modifiers to form what is called a gerund phrase. 

 

Example: 

Eating solid foods is hard for babies. (the phrase is the subject) 

Eating is the gerund used as the subject. It has its own direct object foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the gerund phrase.

Instructions: Find the gerunds and gerund phrases in the following sentences and tell how they are used (subject, direct object, predicate nominative, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. Turning off the freeway was our mistake.

2. The secretary's duties are taking minutes and typing letters.

3. You can start this machine by simply pushing this button.

4. His assignment, testing jet planes, is really exciting.

5. In some countries tourists can be arrested for taking pictures.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Turning off the freeway was our mistake.

    - subject

2. The secretary's duties are taking minutes and typing letters.

    - predicate nominatives

3. You can start this machine by simply pushing this button.

    - object of the preposition

4. His assignment, testing jet planes, is really exciting.

    - appositive

5. In some countries tourists can be arrested for taking pictures.

    - object of the preposition

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Lesson 214 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Gerunds

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A gerund is a verbal that always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example:

Eating is fun.

Gerunds can be compound. 

 

Example: 

Jeff likes hiking and camping.

 

The gerund can be a subject, a direct object, a predicate nominative, an appositive, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. 

 

Examples: 

Eating is fun. (subject)

I like eating. (direct object)

A fun time is eating. (predicate nominative)

A fun time, eating, takes much time. (appositive)

I give eating too much time. (indirect object)

I give much time to eating. (object of preposition)

Gerunds can have with them direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives or modifiers to form what is called a gerund phrase. 

 

Example: 

Eating solid foods is hard for babies. (the phrase is the subject) 

Eating is the gerund used as the subject. It has its own direct object foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the gerund phrase.

Instructions: Find the gerunds and gerund phrases in the following sentences and tell how they are used (subject, direct object, predicate nominative, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. Fishing is my friend's favorite sport.

2. By adding more water, we can thin the paint.

3. The law forbids shouting fire in a theater.

4. Mr. Jones enjoys his work, collecting and repairing old stereos.

5. My neighbor's pastime is training guard dogs.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Fishing is my friend's favorite sport.

    - subject

2. By adding more water, we can thin the paint.

    - object of the preposition

3. The law forbids shouting fire in a theater.

    - direct object

4. Mr. Jones enjoys his work, collecting and repairing old stereos.

    - appositives

5. My neighbor's pastime is training guard dogs.

    - predicate nominative

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Lesson 213 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Gerunds

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A gerund is a verbal that always ends in ing and is used as a noun. 

 

Example:

Eating is fun.

Gerunds can be compound. 

 

Example: 

Jeff likes hiking and camping.

 

The gerund can be a subject, a direct object, a predicate nominative, an appositive, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. 

 

Examples: 

Eating is fun. (subject)

I like eating. (direct object)

A fun time is eating. (predicate nominative)

A fun time, eating, takes much time. (appositive)

I give eating too much time. (indirect object)

I give much time to eating. (object of preposition)

Gerunds can have with them direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives or modifiers to form what is called a gerund phrase. 

 

Example: 

Eating solid foods is hard for babies. (the phrase is the subject) 

Eating is the gerund used as the subject. It has its own direct object foods with the adjective solid, which together make up the gerund phrase.

Instructions: Find the gerunds and gerund phrases in the following sentences and tell how they are used (subject, direct object, predicate nominative, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. Directing traffic and helping school children is her job.

2. Do you watch boxing or wrestling?

3. For knitting and sewing you need good eyes.

4. My needs, exercising and losing weight, must be realized soon.

5. My mother gives helping and serving others all her time.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Directing traffic and helping school children is her job.

    - subjects

2. Do you watch boxing or wrestling?

    - direct objects

3. For knitting and sewing you need good eyes.

    - objects of the preposition

4. My needs, exercising and losing weight, must be realized soon.

    - appositives

5. My mother gives helping and serving others all her time.

    - indirect objects

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