Lesson 278 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, & Noun Clauses

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The adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or a subordinate conjunction (when and where). Those are the only words that can be used to introduce an adjective clause. The introductory word will always rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with a preposition which will come between the introductory word and the word it renames. 

 

Examples: 

The student whose hand was up gave the wrong answer.

Jane is a person in whom I can place my confidence.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

A noun clause is a dependent clause that can be used in the same way as a noun or pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Some of the words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. To check if the dependent clause is a noun clause, substitute the clause with the pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns he or she.

 

Examples: 

I know who said that. = I know it.

Whoever said it is wrong. = He is wrong.

Instructions: Find the adjective, adverb, or noun clauses in these sentences.  If it is an adjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a noun clause tell how they are used (subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. Then I learned the truth, that I had been cheated.

2. The trick that he played on me was not funny.

3. He hopes that he can learn to ski.

4. It is obvious that you want no help.

5. The truth is that freedom is not free.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Then I learned the truth, that I had been cheated.

- noun clause used as the appositive

2. The trick that he played on me was not funny.

- adjective clause modifying trick

3. He hopes that he can learn to ski.

- noun clause used as the direct object

4. It is obvious that you want no help.

- adverb clause modifying obvious

5. The truth is that freedom is not free.

- noun clause used as the predicate nominative

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Lesson 77 - Parts of Speech - Conjunctions

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A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb). 

 

Co-ordinate conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank. They are the following: and, but, or, nor, for, and yet. (For and yet can only join clauses.)

Instructions: Find the co-ordinate conjunctions which are joining phrases in these sentences and the phrases that are joined.

1. The girls ran up the path and over the hill.

2. I became ill by eating the food and stuffing myself.

3. Meet me by the fountain or near the train station.

4. He should have arrived or will be arriving soon.

5. Joe had promised to come but did not keep his promise.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The girls ran up the path and over the hill. (prepositional phrases)

2. I became ill by eating the food and stuffing myself. (gerund phrases)

3. Meet me by the fountain or near the train station. (prepositional phrases)

4. He should have arrived or will be arriving soon. (verb phrases)

5. Joe had promised to come but did not keep his promise. (verb phrases)

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Lesson 277 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, & Noun Clauses

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The adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or a subordinate conjunction (when and where). Those are the only words that can be used to introduce an adjective clause. The introductory word will always rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with a preposition which will come between the introductory word and the word it renames. 

 

Examples: 

The student whose hand was up gave the wrong answer.

Jane is a person in whom I can place my confidence.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

A noun clause is a dependent clause that can be used in the same way as a noun or pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Some of the words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. To check if the dependent clause is a noun clause, substitute the clause with the pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns he or she.

 

Examples: 

I know who said that. = I know it.

Whoever said it is wrong. = He is wrong.

Instructions: Find the adjective, adverb, or noun clauses in these sentences.  If it is an adjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a noun clause tell how they are used (subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. You can make a shirt from whatever material I don't use.

2. What the audience wanted was another selection.

3. Whenever Barbara does well, she is really excited.

4. The boy was working faster than I could.

5. I gave whoever wanted one a pamphlet.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. You can make a shirt from whatever material I don't use.

- noun clause used as the object of the preposition

2. What the audience wanted was another selection.

- noun clause used as the subject

3. Whenever Barbara does well, she is really excited.

- adverb clause modifying excited

4. The boy was working faster than I could (work fast).

- adverb clause modifying faster

5. I gave whoever wanted one a pamphlet.

- noun clause used as an indirect object

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Lesson 76 - Parts of Speech - Conjunctions

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A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb). 

 

Co-ordinate conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank. There are two kinds: simple and correlative. Subordinate conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent clauses. I will refer to them simply as co-ordinate, correlative, and subordinate.

The co-ordinate conjunctions are the following: and, but, or, nor, for, and yet. (For and yet can only join clauses.)

The correlative conjunctions are always in pairs. They are either-or, neither-nor, both-and, not only-but also, and whether-or.

Some common subordinate conjunctions are after, although, as, as if, because, before, if, since, so that, than, unless, until, when, where, while.

The co-ordinate and correlative conjunctions should be memorized since they are common and few in number.

Instructions: Find the co-ordinate conjunctions which are joining words in the following sentences and the words that are joined.

1. Jeff and I mowed all the lawns.

2. Grandpa is a slow but strong person.

3. Our guest will be Jeanne or Barbara.

4. I did not like nor appreciate your actions.

5. You or I must do the dishes.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Jeff and I mowed all the lawns.

2. Grandpa is a slow but strong person.

3. Our guest will be Jeanne or Barbara.

4. I did not like nor appreciate your actions.

5. You or I must do the dishes.

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Lesson 276 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, & Noun Clauses

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The adjective clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun. It will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or a subordinate conjunction (when and where). Those are the only words that can be used to introduce an adjective clause. The introductory word will always rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with a preposition which will come between the introductory word and the word it renames. 

 

Examples: 

The student whose hand was up gave the wrong answer.

Jane is a person in whom I can place my confidence.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb. Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

A noun clause is a dependent clause that can be used in the same way as a noun or pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Some of the words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. To check if the dependent clause is a noun clause, substitute the clause with the pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns he or she.

 

Examples: 

I know who said that. = I know it.

Whoever said it is wrong. = He is wrong.

Instructions: Find the adjective, adverb, or noun clauses in these sentences.  If it is an adjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a noun clause tell how they are used (subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition).

1. Donna is my mother-in-law who died several years ago.

2. Atlantic City is where the Boardwalk is located.

3. The man had another back operation because he ruptured another disk.

4. A nurse can find a job wherever she goes.

5. Now I understand why you didn't want to attend.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Donna is my mother-in-law who died several years ago.

- adjective clause modifying mother-in-law

2. Atlantic City is where the Boardwalk is located.

- noun clause used as the predicate nominative

3. The man had another back operation because he ruptured another disk.

- adverb clause modifying had

4. A nurse can find a job wherever she goes.

- adverb clause modifying can find

5. Now I understand why you didn't want to attend.

- noun clause used as the direct object

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