Lesson 265 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

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A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause (which can stand alone and make sense) and a dependent clause (which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). 

 

Example: 

The television was playing (independent clause) as I left the room (dependent clause). 

 

There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause, and noun clause.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma. 

 

Example: 

Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Than and as introduce clauses that are called elliptical clauses. That is they have some of their parts understood but not stated. 

 

Example: 

You are smarter than I. (am smart omitted) 

- than I modifies the comparative word smarter

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. Ila reads music better than Becky.

2. The dog whined sadly as I walked into the house.

3. If you have time, finish doing the dishes for me.

4. Many operations are unsuccessful because the patient is not careful afterwards.

5. Whenever I go out the door, the dog barks to go also.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Ila reads music better than Becky. (can read music well omitted)

- than Becky (can read music well) modifies better

2. The dog whined sadly as I walked into the house.

- as I walked into the house modifies whined

3. If you have time, finish doing the dishes for me.

- If you have time modifies finish

4. Many operations are unsuccessful because the patient is not careful afterwards.

- because the patient in not careful afterwards modifies unsuccessful

5. Whenever I go out the door, the dog barks to go also.

- Whenever I go out the door modifies barks

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Lesson 64 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Adverbs are words that modify (1) verbs, (2) adjectives, and (3) other adverbs. They tell how (manner), when (time), where (place), how much (degree), and why (cause). Why is a common one-word adverb that tells why. 

 

Adverbs that tell us how, when, where, and why always modify the verb. Adverbs that tell us how much modify adjectives or other adverbs. These adverbs are also called qualifiers because they strengthen or weaken the words they modify.

      Examples: 

      He kicked the ball solidly. (how)

      He kicked the ball immediately. (when)

      He kicked the ball forward. (where)

      He kicked the ball too hard. (how much)

Instructions: These sentences have adverbs that modify adjectives and tell us how much. List the adverbs and what they modify.

1. Ila is an unusually good cook.

2. Jeff is very hungry.

3. We all want a perfectly just government.

4. The Internet is an entirely modern concept.

5. These sentences are extremely brief ones.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Ila is an unusually good cook.

    - unusually modifies good

2. Jeff is very hungry.

    - very modifies hungry

3. We all want a perfectly just government.

    - perfectly modifies just

4. The Internet is an entirely modern concept.

    - entirely modifies modern

5. These sentences are extremely brief ones.

    - extremely modifies brief

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Lesson 264 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

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A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause (which can stand alone and make sense) and a dependent clause (which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). 

 

Example: 

The television was playing (independent clause) as I left the room (dependent clause). 

 

There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause, and noun clause.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma. 

 

Example: 

Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Than and as introduce clauses that are called elliptical clauses. That is they have some of their parts understood but not stated. 

 

Example: 

You are smarter than I. (am smart omitted) 

- than I modifies the comparative word smarter

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. Although I became tired, I enjoyed the hike.

2. You cannot become an expert driver until you drive for several years.

3. Buy that coat now because it might be sold tomorrow.

4. I cannot reach the top window unless I have a ladder.

5. After you have eaten lunch, we will leave for New York.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Although I became tired, I enjoyed the hike.

- Although I became tired modifies enjoyed

2. You cannot become an expert driver until you drive for several years.

- until you drive for several years modifies can become

3. Buy that coat now because it might be sold tomorrow.

- because it might be sold tomorrow modifies Buy

4. I cannot reach the top window unless I have a ladder.

- unless I have a ladder modifies can reach

5. After you have eaten lunch, we will leave for New York.

- After you have eaten lunch modifies will leave

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Lesson 63 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Adverbs are words that modify (1) verbs, (2) adjectives, and (3) other adverbs. They tell how (manner), when (time), where (place), how much (degree), and why (cause). Why is a common one-word adverb that tells why. 

 

Adverbs that tell us how, when, where, and why always modify the verb. Adverbs that tell us how much modify adjectives or other adverbs. These adverbs are also called qualifiers because they strengthen or weaken the words they modify.

      Examples: 

      He kicked the ball solidly. (how)

      He kicked the ball immediately. (when)

      He kicked the ball forward. (where)

      He kicked the ball too hard. (how much)

Instructions: These sentences have adverbs that modify the verb and tell us where. Find the adverbs and tell what they modify.

1. The fighter moved forward to meet his opponent.

2. There went the boy for some fun.

3. Sit here in this comfortable chair.

4. We are playing outside.

5. Where have you been?

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The fighter moved forward to meet his opponent.

    - forward modifies moved

2. There went the boy for some fun.

    - there modifies went

3. Sit here in this comfortable chair.

    - here modifies sit

4. We are playing outside.

    - outside modifies are playing

5. Where have you been?

    - where modifies have been

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Lesson 263 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

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A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause (which can stand alone and make sense) and a dependent clause (which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). 

 

Example: 

The television was playing (independent clause) as I left the room (dependent clause). 

 

There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause, and noun clause.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma. 

 

Example: 

Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Than and as introduce clauses that are called elliptical clauses. That is they have some of their parts understood but not stated. 

 

Example: 

You are smarter than I. (am smart omitted) 

- than I modifies the comparative word smarter

Instructions: Complete the elliptical adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. My dog is older than I.

2. Jim can run faster than Jeff.

3. Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards.

4. He is trying as hard as James.

5. Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. My dog is older than I am old.

- than I am old modifies the predicate adjective older

2. Jim can run faster than Jeff can run fast.

- than Jeff can run fast modifies faster

3. Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards accurately.

- than she keyboards accurately modifies accurately

4. He is trying as hard as James is trying hard.

- as James is trying hard modifies hard

5. Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne is a good tennis player.

- than Jeanne is a good tennis player modifies better

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Lesson 62 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Adverbs are words that modify (1) verbs, (2) adjectives, and (3) other adverbs. They tell how (manner), when (time), where (place), how much (degree), and why (cause). Why is a common one-word adverb that tells why. 

 

Adverbs that tell us how, when, where, and why always modify the verb. Adverbs that tell us how much modify adjectives or other adverbs. These adverbs are also called qualifiers because they strengthen or weaken the words they modify.

      Examples: 

      He kicked the ball solidly. (how)

      He kicked the ball immediately. (when)

      He kicked the ball forward. (where)

      He kicked the ball too hard. (how much)

Instructions: These sentences have adverbs that modify the verb and tell us when. Find the adverbs and tell what they modify.

1. As the car caught fire, he jumped immediately from it.

2. Daily I go to the gym for exercise.

3. The campfire was glowing later to our surprise.

4. We will now finish the assignment.

5. The work will be done tomorrow.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. As the car caught fire, he jumped immediately from it.

    - immediately modifies jumped

2. Daily I go to the gym for exercise.

    - daily modifies go

3. The campfire was glowing later to our surprise.

    - later modifies was glowing

4. We will now finish the assignment.

    - now modifies will finish

5. The work will be done tomorrow.

    - tomorrow modifies will be done

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Lesson 262 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

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A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause (which can stand alone and make sense) and a dependent clause (which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). 

 

Example: 

The television was playing (independent clause) as I left the room (dependent clause). 

 

There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause, and noun clause.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

Instructions: Find the adverb dependent clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. When you came from the garage, did you see the mower there?

2. Because the field was muddy, the game had to be cancelled.

3. Although you should return to class, just wait here for me.

4. As I sat motionless, the two squirrels came closer and closer.

5. Since I can spare only a few minutes, please be brief with your presentation.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. When you came from the garage, did you see the mower there?

- When you came from the garage modifies did see

2. Because the field was muddy, the game had to be cancelled.

- Because the field was muddy modifies the verbal to be cancelled

3. Although you should return to class, just wait here for me.

- Although you should return to class modifies wait

4. As I sat motionless, the two squirrels came closer and closer.

- As I sat motionless modifies came

5. Since I can spare only a few minutes, please be brief with your presentation.

- Since I can spare only a few minutes modifies the predicate adjective brief

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Lesson 61 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Since there has been some confusion about adverbs, I think we need a few more lessons about adverbs. We need to memorize what adverbs tell us and what they modify. We must always remember this basic information to handle them correctly.

Adverbs are words that modify (1) verbs, (2) adjectives, and (3) other adverbs. They tell how (manner), when (time), where (place), how much (degree), and why (cause). Why is a common one-word adverb that tells why. 

 

Adverbs that tell us how, when, where, and why always modify the verb. Adverbs that tell us how much modify adjectives or other adverbs. These adverbs are also called qualifiers because they strengthen or weaken the words they modify.

      Examples: 

      He kicked the ball solidly. (how)

      He kicked the ball immediately. (when)

      He kicked the ball forward. (where)

      He kicked the ball too hard. (how much)

Instructions: The following sentences have adverbs that tell us how, and they modify the verb. Find the adverbs in these sentences and tell what they modify.

1. Joe was frantically mumbling to the 911 operator.

2. The message was secretly hidden in the cushion.

3. The room was decorated beautifully for the wedding.

4. The spy readily accepted the new assignment.

5. He was carefully disguised but captured quickly by police.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Joe was frantically mumbling to the 911 operator.

    - frantically modifies was mumbling

2. The message was secretly hidden in the cushion.

    - secretly modifies was hidden

3. The room was decorated beautifully for the wedding.

    - beautifully modifies was decorated

4. The spy readily accepted the new assignment.

    - readily modifies accepted

5. He was carefully disguised but captured quickly by police.

    - carefully modifies was disguised  

    - quickly modifies was captured 

    (was is a helping verb to both main verbs)

 

Note: Adverbs that modify verbs always modify the whole verb phrase when it is made up of more than one word.

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Lesson 261 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

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A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause (which can stand alone and make sense) and a dependent clause (which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). 

 

Example: 

The television was playing (independent clause) as I left the room (dependent clause). 

 

There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause, and noun clause.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctions including after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are just some of the more common ones.

Example: 

They arrived before the game had ended. 

- before the game had ended modifying arrived (telling when)

Instructions: Find the adverb dependent clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. You clean the bathroom while I clean the carpet.

2. Ann was confident that she would play the best.

3. Bring in the toys before they get destroyed.

4. I stood on the box so that I could see the top of the shelf.

5. Your face becomes red when you are angry.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. You clean the bathroom while I clean the carpet.

- while I clean the carpet modifies clean

2. Ann was confident that she would play the best.

- that she would play the best modifies the predicate adjective confident

3. Bring in the toys before they get destroyed.

- before they get destroyed modifies bring

4. I stood on the box so that I could see the top of the shelf.

- so that I could see the top of the shelf modifies stood

5. Your face becomes red when you are angry.

- when you are angry modifies becomes

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Quiz for Lessons 56-60 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Instructions: Form the comparative and superlative of the following words.

1. closely

2. wildly

3. not

4. there

5. well

6. soon

7. coldly

8. fast

9. much

10. now

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. closely, more closely, most closely

2. wildly, more wildly, most wildly

3. Not cannot be compared.

4. There cannot be compared.

5. well, better, best

6. soon, sooner, soonest

7. coldly, more coldly, most coldly

8. fast, faster, fastest

9. much, more, most

10. Now cannot be compared.

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Quiz for Lessons 256 - 260 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

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Instructions: Combine the following sentences using an adjective clause using the introductory words who, whose, whom, which, that, when, and where.

1. The occasion was a momentous one for all. All the family were together at last.

2. The site has several steep slopes. The million-dollar home will be built there.

3. The time was very exciting. Our team won the championship.

4. The author wrote the novel. He received a Pulitzer Prize.

5. I recall the time. There was no freeway to Salt Lake City then.

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences placing the adjective clause in the correct place.

6. The little dog was running behind the boy that was growling and barking fiercely.

7. The trunk of the passenger was placed on the train which was covered with travel stickers.

8. A dog ran onto the football field which looked like the team mascot.

9. The car is now in our garage that was in a wreck yesterday.

10. The crickets were the targets of our poison bait which were destroying our crops.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The occasion when all the family were together at last was a momentous one for all.

2. The site where the million-dollar home will be built has several steep slopes.

3. The time when our team won the championship was very exciting.

4. The author who received a Pulitzer Prize wrote the novel.

5. I recall the time when there was no freeway to Salt Lake City.

6. The little dog that was growling and barking fiercely was running behind the boy.

7. The passenger's trunk, which was covered with travel stickers, was placed on the train.

8. A dog which looked like the team mascot ran onto the football field.

9. The car that was in a wreck yesterday is now in our garage.

10. The crickets, which were destroying our crops, were the targets of our poison bait.

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Lesson 60 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Do not use two negative words to limit one idea. Be careful not to use not or n't, no, never, none, hardly, scarcely, or nothing with another negative word.

      Examples: 

      Correct - Jim never likes help. Jim likes no help. 

      Incorrect - Jim never likes no help. 

      Correct - Barbara said nothing. Barbara didn't say anything. 

      Incorrect - Barbara didn't say nothing.

Instructions: Choose the correct form in parentheses for these sentences.

1. Carl hasn't (none, any) more tickets.

2. Jeff (can, can't ) hardly wait to come home.

3. This shouldn't (ever, never) happen again.

4. We (haven't, have) scarcely any fuel left.

5. Jeanne won't need (no, any) money for school.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Carl hasn't any more tickets.

2. Jeff can hardly wait to come home.

3. This shouldn't ever happen again.

4. We have scarcely any fuel left.

5. Jeanne won't need any money for school.

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Lesson 260 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

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In using an adjective clause, you should always place it as near to the word it modifies as possible. If you misplace the adjective clause, it makes a ridiculous sentence or one that is unclear. 

 

Examples: 

I waved to my dog from the car that had just licked my face. = incorrect

(The car did not lick my face; the dog did.) 

I waved to my dog that had just licked my face from the car. = correct

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences placing the adjective clause in the correct place.

1. The tall man was stopped by a police officer who had been acting suspiciously.

2. We found the key under the couch that had been lost.

3. She took the letter to the post office which she had written earlier.

4. The rosebush is next to a weedy lot that is very beautiful.

5. The tanker sailed into the harbor which was carrying a load of oil.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The tall man, who had been acting suspiciously, was stopped by a police officer.

2. We found the key that had been lost under the couch.

3. She took the letter, which she had written earlier, to the post office.

4. The rosebush that is very beautiful is next to a weedy lot.

5. The tanker, which was carrying a load of oil, sailed into the harbor.

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Lesson 59 - Parts of Speech - Adverbs

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Most adverbs not formed from verbs cannot be compared. Words like now, too, then, not, already, again, always, yesterday, almost, why, and here.

Instructions: Find the adverbs in these sentences. Remember that adverbs tell us how, when, where, why, and how much.

1. Today or tomorrow I should finish my technically difficult work.

2. Don't leave me alone.

3. Where did you go yesterday?

4. It is too windy for me to go again.

5. Finally he is going away.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Today or tomorrow I should finish my technically difficult work.

2. Don't leave me alone.

3. Where did you go yesterday?

4. It is too windy for me to go again.

5. Finally he is going away.

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