Lesson 89 - Parts of Speech - Review

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The eight parts of speech are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Verbs show action or state of being.

Nouns are the names of persons, places, things, or ideas.

Pronouns take the place of nouns.

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and tell which, whose, what kind, and how many.

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs and tell how, when, where, and how much.

Prepositions must have an object and show a relationship between its object and some other word in the sentence.

Conjunctions join words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb).

Interjections show feeling and are punctuated with either a comma or an exclamation point.

If you need further clarification on any of the parts of speech, see the Daily Grammar archive (dailygrammar.com/archive.html). Remember that what part of speech a word is depends on how it is used in the sentence.

Instructions: In the following sentences tell the part of speech of each italicized word as used in the sentence.

1. We need to learn about our past.

2. Your friend just went past.

3. The past event will be remembered forever.

4. The fall colors are outstanding this year.

5. The leaves fall all over the ground.

6. The branches broke his fall from the tree.

7. The spring is full of mud.

8. Spring into action before it is too late.

9. Don't come near me!

10. Do you think he is near?

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. past - noun

2. past - adverb

3. past - adjective

4. fall - adjective

5. fall - verb

6. fall - noun

7. spring - noun

8. spring - verb

9. near - preposition

10. near - adverb

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Lesson 289 - Parts of the Sentence - Sentence Variety

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Having learned about phrases and clauses, let's now use the following phrases and clauses to give variety to our writing: participial phrases, adverb clauses, adjective clauses, compound sentences, or compound verbs.

First identify which of the above ways is used in the sentence, and then rewrite it using the three other ways identifying each of the methods used.

Example: 

Having finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = participial phrase

You must rewrite it using an adverb clause,  adjective clause, and either a compound sentence or a simple sentence with compound verbs.

1) I finished my lessons, sat back, and gloried in my effort. = compound verbs

2) After I had finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = adverb clause

3) I who had finished my lessons sat back and gloried in my effort. = adjective clause

Instructions: Identify the written sentence and rewrite it the other three ways.

1. Standing nervously in the wings of the theater, Jeanne practiced her lines quietly and waited to go on stage.

2. The detective searched carefully through the old desk as he recounted in his mind the importance of the will.

3. The small black dog which looked weak and harmless leaped suddenly at the stranger.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

Note - There are other ways in which to write these sentences.

1. Standing nervously in the wings of the theater, Jeanne practiced her lines quietly and waited to go on stage. = participial phrase

1) Jeanne stood nervously in the wings of the theater and practiced her lines quietly while she waited to go on stage. = adverb clause

2) Jeanne stood nervously in the wings of the theater, practiced her lines quietly, and waited to go on stage. = compound verbs

3) Jeanne who practiced her lines quietly stood nervously in the wings of the theater and waited to go on stage. = adjective clause

2. The detective searched carefully through the old desk as he recounted in his mind the importance of the will. = adverb clause

1) The detective searched carefully through the old desk, and he recounted in his mind the importance of the will. = compound sentence

2) Recounting in his mind the importance of the will, the detective searched carefully through the old desk. = participial phrase

3) The detective who searched carefully through the old desk recounted in his mind the importance of the will. = adjective clause

3. The small black dog which looked weak and harmless leaped suddenly at the stranger. = adjective clause

 

1) Looking weak and harmless, the small black dog leaped suddenly at the stranger. = participial phrase

 

2) Although he looked weak and harmless, the small black dog leaped suddenly at the stranger. = adverb clause

3) The small black dog looked weak and harmless but leaped suddenly at the stranger. = compound verbs

 

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Lesson 88 - Parts of Speech - Review

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The eight parts of speech are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Verbs show action or state of being.

Nouns are the names of persons, places, things, or ideas.

Pronouns take the place of nouns.

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and tell which, whose, what kind, and how many.

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs and tell how, when, where, and how much.

Prepositions must have an object and show a relationship between its object and some other word in the sentence.

Conjunctions join words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb).

Interjections show feeling and are punctuated with either a comma or an exclamation point.

 

If you need further clarification on any of the parts of speech, see the Daily Grammar archive (dailygrammar.com/archive.html). Remember that what part of speech a word is depends on how it is used in the sentence.

Instructions: Identify what part of speech each word is in the following sentences.

1. Both the big girl and a small boy were happy with the results.

2. If you do not like it, the boss will speak with you tonight on the phone.

3. Whew! This weather is very warm for this time of year.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Both - conjunction, the - adjective, big - adjective, girl - noun, and - conjunction, a - adjective, small - adjective, boy - noun, were - verb, happy - adjective, with - preposition, the - adjective, results - noun.

2. If - conjunction, you - pronoun, do - verb, not - adverb, like - verb, it - pronoun, the - adjective, boss - noun, will - verb, speak - verb, with - preposition, you - pronoun, tonight - adverb, on - preposition, the - adjective, phone - noun.

3. Whew - interjection, This - adjective, weather - noun, is - verb, very - adverb, warm - adjective, for - preposition, this - adjective, time - noun, of - preposition, year - noun.

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Lesson 288 - Parts of the Sentence - Sentence Variety

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Having learned about phrases and clauses, let's now use the following phrases and clauses to give variety to our writing: participial phrases, adverb clauses, adjective clauses, compound sentences, or compound verbs.

First identify which of the above ways is used in the sentence, and then rewrite it using the three other ways identifying each of the methods used.

Example: 

Having finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = participial phrase

You must rewrite it using an adverb clause,  adjective clause, and either a compound sentence or a simple sentence with compound verbs.

1) I finished my lessons, sat back, and gloried in my effort. = compound verbs

2) After I had finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = adverb clause

3) I who had finished my lessons sat back and gloried in my effort. = adjective clause

Instructions: Identify the written sentence and rewrite it the other three ways.

1. The engineer knew the train was on time, leaned against the side, and sighed with relief.

2. Hoping to have the seating in place by evening, the committee for the Olympics hurriedly set up bleachers along the main road.

3. Mark took a quick, refreshing swim in the mountain lake before he returned to the cabin for breakfast.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The engineer knew the train was on time, leaned against the side, and sighed with relief. = compound verbs

 

1) Knowing the train was on time, the engineer leaned against the side and sighed with relief. = participial phrase

2) The engineer who knew the train was on time leaned against the side and sighed with relief. = adjective clause

3) When the engineer leaned against the side and sighed with relief, he knew the train was on time. = adverb clause

2. Hoping to have the seating in place by evening, the committee for the Olympics hurriedly set up bleachers along the main road. = participial phrase

1) The committee for the Olympics hoped to have the seating in place by evening and hurriedly set up bleachers along the main road. = compound verbs

2) The committee for the Olympics that hoped to have the seating in place by evening hurriedly set up bleachers along the main road. = adjective clause

3) Because they hoped to have the seating in place by evening, the committee for the Olympics hurriedly set up bleachers along the main road. = adverb clause

3. Mark took a quick, refreshing swim in the mountain lake before he returned to the cabin for breakfast. = adverb clause

1) Having taken a quick, refreshing swim in the mountain lake, Mark returned to the cabin for breakfast. = participial phrase

2) Mark who had taken a quick, refreshing swim in the mountain lake returned to the cabin for breakfast. = adjective clause

3) Mark took a quick, refreshing swim in the mountain lake and returned to the cabin for breakfast. = compound verbs

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Lesson 87 - Parts of Speech - Review

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The eight parts of speech are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Verbs show action or state of being.

Nouns are the names of persons, places, things, or ideas.

Pronouns take the place of nouns.

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and tell which, whose, what kind, and how many.

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs and tell how, when, where, and how much.

Prepositions must have an object and show a relationship between its object and some other word in the sentence.

Conjunctions join words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb).

Interjections show feeling and are punctuated with either a comma or an exclamation point.

If you need further clarification on any of the parts of speech, see the Daily Grammar archive (dailygrammar.com/archive.html). Remember that what part of speech a word is depends on how it is used in the sentence.

Instructions: Identify what part of speech each word is in the following sentences.

1. Neither Ila nor I knew that the baby had arrived already.

2. Yes, you can go with us to Canada tomorrow.

3. We will be driving together, but Mom won't return at the same time as we do.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Neither - conjunction, Ila - noun, nor - conjunction, I - pronoun, knew - verb, that - conjunction, the - adjective, baby - noun, had - verb, arrived - verb, already - adverb.

2. Yes - interjection, you - pronoun, can - verb, go - verb, with - preposition, us - pronoun, to - preposition, Canada - noun, tomorrow - adverb.

3. We - pronoun, will - verb, be - verb, driving - verb, together - adverb, but - conjunction, Mom - noun, will - verb, not (n't) - adverb, return - verb, at - preposition, the - adjective, same - adjective, time - noun, as - conjunction, we - pronoun, do - verb.

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Lesson 287 - Parts of the Sentence - Sentence Variety

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Having learned about phrases and clauses, let's now use the following phrases and clauses to give variety to our writing: participial phrases, adverb clauses, adjective clauses, compound sentences, or compound verbs.

First identify which of the above ways is used in the sentence, and then rewrite it using the three other ways identifying each of the methods used.

Example: 

Having finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = participial phrase

You must rewrite it using an adverb clause,  adjective clause, and either a compound sentence or a simple sentence with compound verbs.

1) I finished my lessons, sat back, and gloried in my effort. = compound verbs

2) After I had finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = adverb clause

3) I who had finished my lessons sat back and gloried in my effort. = adjective clause

Instructions: Identify the written sentence and rewrite it the other three ways.

1. At dusk the manager threw the electrical switch, and the amusement park lit up like a star-studded galaxy.

2. Walking out on the wire and completing his various routines, the acrobat carefully demonstrated his intricate ability.

3. The people who saw the basketball star surged against the restraints and called out compliments and greetings.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

Note - There are other ways in which to write these sentences.

 

1. At dusk the manager threw the electrical switch, and the amusement park lit up like a star-studded galaxy. = compound sentence

1) Throwing the electrical switch at dusk, the manager lit up the amusement park like a star-studded galaxy. = participial phrase

2) At dusk the manager who threw the electrical switch lit up the amusement park like a star-studded galaxy. = adjective clause

3) After the manager threw the electrical switch, the amusement park lit up like a star-studded galaxy at dusk. = adverb clause

2. Walking out on the wire and completing his various routines, the acrobat carefully demonstrated his intricate ability. = participial phrase

1) When he had demonstrated his intricate ability, the acrobat carefully walked out on the wire and completed his various routines. = adverb clause

2) The acrobat demonstrated his intricate ability, carefully walked out on the wire, and completed his various routines. = compound verbs

3) The acrobat who carefully walked out on the wire and completed his various routines demonstrated his intricate ability. = adjective clause

3. The people who saw the basketball star surged against the restraints and called out compliments and greetings. = adjective clause

1) Seeing the basketball star, the people surged against the restraints and called out compliments and greetings. = participial phrase

2) When the people saw the basketball star, they surged against the restraints and called out compliments and greetings. = adverb clause

3) The people saw the basketball star, and they surged against the restraints and called out compliments and greetings. = compound sentence

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Lesson 86 - Parts of Speech - Review

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We are going to review the eight parts of speech in the next five lessons. The eight parts of speech are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

Verbs show action or state of being.

Nouns are the names of persons, places, things, or ideas.

Pronouns take the place of nouns.

Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns and tell which, whose, what kind, and how many.

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs and tell how, when, where, and how much.

Prepositions must have an object and show a relationship between its object and some other word in the sentence.

Conjunctions join words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb).

Interjections show feeling and are punctuated with either a comma or an exclamation point.

If you need further clarification on any of the parts of speech, see the Daily Grammar archive (dailygrammar.com/archive.html). Remember that what part of speech a word is depends on how it is used in the sentence.

Instructions:  Identify what part of speech each word is in the following sentences.

1. Wow! That must be a very hot fire.

2. He seemed sorry since he almost immediately apologized to us.

3. Mom wanted the answer, but we had had no reply from our daughter or son.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Wow - interjections, that - pronoun, must - verb, be - verb, a - adjective, very - adverb, hot - adjective, fire - noun.

2. He - pronoun, seemed - verb, sorry - adjective, since - conjunction, he - pronoun, almost - adverb, immediately - adverb, apologized - verb, to - preposition, us - pronoun.

3. Mom - noun, wanted - verb, the - adjective, answer - noun, but - conjunction, we - pronoun, had - verb, had - verb, no - adjective, reply - noun, from - preposition, our - adjective, daughter - noun, or - conjunction, son - noun.

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Lesson 286 - Parts of the Sentence - Sentence Variety

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Having learned about phrases and clauses, let's now use the following phrases and clauses to give variety to our writing: participial phrases, adverb clauses, adjective clauses, compound sentences, or compound verbs.

First identify which of the above ways is used in the sentence, and then rewrite it using the three other ways identifying each of the methods used.

Example: 

Having finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = participial phrase

You must rewrite it using an adverb clause,  adjective clause, and either a compound sentence or a simple sentence with compound verbs.

1) I finished my lessons, sat back, and gloried in my effort. = compound verbs

2) After I had finished my lessons, I sat back and gloried in my effort. = adverb clause

3) I who had finished my lessons sat back and gloried in my effort. = adjective clause

Instructions: Identify the written sentence and rewrite it the other three ways.

1. Watching the sunset above the mountain, John noticed the colors blending softly into one another.

2. The excited horse pawed the ground rapidly while it chewed on its bit and neighed continually.

3. The pilot climbed into his jet plane, adjusted his helmet, and attached his oxygen pack.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

(My rewrites are only one way that can be used. Other ways may be possible.)

1. Watching the sunset above the mountain, John noticed the colors blending softly into one another. = participial phrase

1) John watched the sunset above the mountain, and he noticed the colors blending softly into one another. = compound sentence

2) While he watched the sunset above the mountain, John noticed the colors blending softly into one another. = adverb clause

3) John who was watching the sunset above the mountain noticed the colors blending softly into one another. =  adjective clause

2. The excited horse pawed the ground rapidly while it chewed on its bit and neighed continually. = adverb clause

1) The excited horse which pawed the ground rapidly chewed on its bit and neighed continually. =  adjective clause

2) Pawing the ground rapidly, the excited horse chewed on its bit and neighed continually. = participial phrase

3) The excited horse pawed the ground rapidly, chewed its bit, and neighed continually = compound verbs

3. The pilot climbed into his jet plane, adjusted his helmet, and attached his oxygen pack. = compound verbs

1) Climbing into his jet plane, the pilot adjusted his helmet and attached his oxygen pack.  = participial phrase

2) After he climbed into his jet plane, the pilot adjusted his helmet and attached his oxygen pack. = adverb clause

3) The pilot who climbed into his jet plane adjusted his helmet and attached his oxygen pack. =  adjective clause

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Quiz for Lessons 81-85 - Parts of Speech - Conjunctions

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A conjunction is a word that joins other words, phrases (groups of words), or clauses (groups of words with a subject and verb).

 

Co-ordinate conjunctions join words, phases, or clauses of equal rank. There are two kinds: simple and correlative. Subordinate conjunctions join dependent clauses to independent clauses. I will refer to them simply as co-ordinate, correlative, and subordinate.

The co-ordinate conjunctions are the following: and, but, or, nor, for, and yet. (For and yet can only join clauses.)

The correlative conjunctions are always in pairs. They are either-or, neither-nor, both-and, not only-but also, and whether-or.

Some common subordinate conjunctions are after, although, as, as if, because, before, if, since, so that, than, unless, until, when, where, and while.

Instructions: Find the conjunctions in these sentences, and tell whether it is co-ordinate, correlative, or subordinate.

1. If you have time, visit your sister while you are in Tucson.

2. The hurricane damaged not only North Carolina but also New Jersey.

3. The injured boy could neither walk nor talk.

4. Soccer and basketball are popular sports throughout the world.

5. The principal and the teacher were shocked, but they soon punished him.

6. She was arrested because she was both dishonest and corrupt.

7. As I said, you may have either this dog or the other.

8. Did you honk, or did I imagine it?

9. Although the storm passed, the clouds were dark and gloomy.

10. After the semester was over, my friend and I traveled to the Black Hills and Mount Rushmore.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. If you have time, visit your sister while you are in Tucson.

    - If (subordinate), while (subordinate)

2. The hurricane damaged not only North Carolina but also New Jersey.

    - not only-but also (correlative)

3. The injured boy could neither walk nor talk.

    - neither-nor (correlative)

4. Soccer and basketball are popular sports throughout the world.

    - and (co-ordinate)

5. The principal and the teacher were shocked, but they soon punished him.

    - and (co-ordinate), but (co-ordinate)

6. She was arrested because she was both dishonest and corrupt.

    - because (subordinate), both-and (correlative)

7. As I said, you may have either this dog or the other.

    - as (subordinate), either-or (correlative)

8. Did you honk, or did I imagine it?

    - or (co-ordinate)

9. Although the storm passed, the clouds were dark and gloomy.

    - although (subordinate), and (co-ordinate)

10. After the semester was over, my friend and I traveled to the Black Hills and Mount Rushmore.

    - After (subordinate), and (co-ordinate), and (co-ordinate) 

 

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Quiz for Lessons 281 - 285 - Parts of the Sentence - Clauses Review

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Instructions: Using all the knowledge learned in the previous lessons, find the verbs (v), subjects (subj), predicate nominatives (pn), direct objects (do), appositives (app), nouns of address (na), adjectives (adj), predicate adjectives (pa), adverbs (adv), prepositions (prep), objects of the preposition (op), prepositional phrases (p ph), indirect objects (io), objective complements (oc), conjunctions (c), relative pronouns (p), and verbals in the following sentences.

 

If the word is a verbal, tell whether it is a gerund, participle, noun infinitive, adjective infinitive, or adverb infinitive.  If there are any adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, verbals, or verbal phrases then tell what word they modify.

If the sentence has a dependent clause, tell whether it is a noun clause, adverb clause, or adjective clause. If it is an adjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a noun clause tell how they are used.

1. We offered whoever caused the accident a chance to confess.

2. The man whose leg was amputated was glad to be alive.

3. The judge is the person to whom you should talk.

4. When the mayor explained his plan, the citizens were pleased.

5. It is unfortunate that you do not agree.

6. The news that thousands had been killed was correct.

7. This house is where your grandmother lived.

8. Why you don't like him is hard to understand.

9. If you are unable to find it, call me at home.

10. The manager said that everyone would get a raise.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. offered - v; we - subj; chance - do; a - adj modifying chance; to confess - vbl (adj infinitive) used as object complement; whoever caused the accident - noun clause used as an indirect object; caused - v; whoever - subj (introductory word); accident - do; the - adj modifying accident

2. was - v; man - subj; the - adj modifying man; glad - pa modifying man; to be alive - adverb infinitive phrase modifying glad; to be - vbl (adverb infinitive); alive - pa modifying to be; whose leg was amputated - adjective clause modifying man; was amputated - v; leg - subj; whose - adj modifying leg

3. is - v; judge - subj; person - pn; the - adj modifying judge; the - adj modifying person; to whom you should talk - adj p ph modifying person; to - prep; whom you should talk - noun clause used as the object of the preposition, should talk - v; you - subj; whom - do (introductory word)

4. were pleased - v; citizens - subj; the - adj modifying citizens; when the mayor explained his plan - adverb clause modifying were pleased; explained - v; mayor - subj; plan - do; the - adj modifying
mayor; his - adj modifying plan; when - c (introductory word)

5. is - v; it - subj; unfortunate - pa modifying it; that you do not agree - adverb clause modifying unfortunate; do agree - v; you - subj; not - adv modifying do agree; that - c (introductory word)

6. was - v; news - subj; correct - pa modifying news; the - adj modifying news; that thousands had been killed - noun clause used as an appositive; had been killed - v; thousands - subj; that - p (introductory word, does not fit grammatically)

7. is - v; house - subj; this - adj modifying house; where your grandmother lived - noun clause used as a predicate nominative; lived - v; grandmother - subj; your - adj modifying grandmother; where - adv (introductory word)

8. is - v; why you don't like him - noun clause used as the subject; do like - v; you - subj; him - do; n't - adv modifying do like; why - adv (introductory word) modifying do like; hard - pa modifying the noun clause; to understand - vbl (adverb infinitive) modifying hard

9. call - v; (understood you) - subj; me - do; at home - adverb p ph modifying call; at - prep; home - op; if you are unable to find it - adverb clause modifying call; are - v; you - subj; unable - pa modifying you; to find it - adverb infinitive phrase; to find - vbl (adverb infinitive) modifying unable; it - do; if - c (introductory word)

10. said - v; manager - subj; the - adj modifying manager; that everyone would get a raise - noun clause used as the direct object; would get - v; everyone - subj; raise - do; a - adj modifying raise; that - p (introductory word, does not fit grammatically)

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