Daily Grammar Blog

Lesson 281 - Parts of the Sentence - Clauses Review

2012-01-30T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Using all the knowledge learned in the previous lessons, find the verb(v), subjects (subj), predicate nominatives (pn), direct objects (do),appositives (app), nouns of address (na), adjectives (adj), predicateadjectives (pa), adverbs (adv), prepositions (prep), objects of thepreposition (op), prepositional phrases (p ph), indirect objects (io), and objectivecomplements (oc) in the following sentences.

If the word is verbal, tell whether it is a gerund, participle,noun infinitive, adjective infinitive, or adverb infinitive. Tellwhich word the adjective, adverb, prepositional phrase, verbal, orverbal phrase modify.

If the sentence has a dependent clause, tell whether it is a noun clause,adverb clause, or adjective clause. Tell which word the adverb andadjective clause modify. Tell how the noun clause is used.

1. Becky is my daughter whom I have not seen for a year.

2. I will make a playhouse for the kids from whatever material is not used inthe house.

3. Then I learned a good lesson, that you should always be kind.

4. If the price is right, we will own the car.

5. Whoever returned my wallet is an honest person.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. is =verb, Becky = subject, daughter = predicate nominative, my = adjectivemodifying daughter; (whom I have not seen for a year) = adjective clausemodifying daughter, have seen = verb, I = subject, whom = noun clauseintroductory word used as a direct object, not = adverb modifying have seen, fora year = adverb prepositional phrase modifying have seen, for = preposition,year = object of the preposition, a = adjective modifying year

2. will make = verb, I = subject, playhouse = direct object, a = adjectivemodifying playhouse, for the kids = adverb prepositional phrase modifying willmake, from whatever material is not used in the house = adverb prepositionalphrase modifying will make, from = preposition; (whatever material is not usedin the house) = noun clause used as the object of the preposition, is used =verb, material = subject, whatever = noun clause introductory word used as anadjective modifying material, not = adverb modifying is used, in the house =adverb prepositional phrase modifying is used, in = preposition, house = objectof the preposition, the = adjective modifying house

3. learned = verb, I = subject, lesson = direct object, a, good = adjectivesmodifying lesson, then = adverb modifying learned; (that you should always bekind) = noun clause used as an appositive, should be = verb, you = subject, kind= predicate adjective modifying you, always = adverb modifying should be, that =clause introductory word that does not fit grammatically with the rest of thesentence. (That is the only introductory word used to introduce noun clausesthat will not fit grammatically with the rest of the sentence.)

4. will own = verb, we = subject, car = direct object, the = adjectivemodifying car; (if the price is right) = adverb clause modifying will own, is =verb, price = subject, right = predicate adjective modifying price, the =adjective modifying price, if = subordinate conjunction introducing the adverbclause

5. is = verb, (whoever returned my wallet) = noun clause used as the subject,returned = verb, whoever = noun clause introductory word used as a subject,wallet = direct object, my = adjective modifying wallet, person = predicatenominative, an/honest = adjectives modifying person

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Quiz for Lessons 276 - 280 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

2012-01-28T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adjective, adverb, or noun clauses in these sentences. If it is anadjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a nounclause, tell how if it is used as the subject, predicate nominative, directobject, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.

1. If the manager is unable to help, try the assistant manager.

2. The mayor is the person to whom you should write the letter.

3. The man whose neck was broken has recovered completely.

4. The scientist said that the ozone levels were dangerous.

5. The city council objected when the mayor changed his mind.

6. It is unfortunate that Mr. Jones will not return.

7. Why you don't do your work is ridiculous to me.

8. This cemetery is where your Grandfather is buried.

9. The report that the island is under water is very misleading.

10. We offered whoever told the truth clemency.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. If the manager is unable to help = adverb clause modifying the verb try

2. whom you should write the letter = noun clause used as the object of thepreposition

3. whose neck was broken = adjective clause modifying the subject man

4. that the ozone levels were dangerous = noun clause used as the directobject

5. when the mayor changed his mind = adverb clause modifying the verb objected

6. that Mr. Jones will not return = adverb clause modifying the predicateadjective unfortunate

7. Why you don't do your work = noun clause used as the subject

8. where your Grandfather is buried = noun clause used as the predicatenominative

9. that the island is under water = noun clause used as the appositive

10. whoever told the truth = noun clause used as the indirect object

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Lesson 280 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

2012-01-27T07:00:00.000-07:00

The adjective clause is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. It will beginwith a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or asubordinate conjunction (when and where). Those are the only wordsthat can be used to introduce an adjective clause. The introductory wordwill always rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with apreposition which will come between the introductory word and the word itrenames. Examples: The student whose hand was up gave the wrong answer. Whosehand was up is the adjective clause with whose, the relative pronoun,renaming and modifying student. Jane is a person in whom I canplace my confidence. Whom I can place my confidence is the adjectiveclause with whom, the relative pronoun, with the preposition inbetween it and person the word that whom renames and

modifies.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjectiveor another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Adverb clauses are introduced by subordinate conjunctionsincluding after, although, as, as if, before, because, if, since, so that,than, though, unless, until, when, where, and while. These are justsome of the more common ones.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

A noun clause is a dependent clause that can be used the same ways asa noun or pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct object,appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Some ofthe words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why,whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. Notice that someof these words also introduce adjective and adverb clauses. (To check a nounclause substitute the pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns heor she for the noun clause.) Examples: I know who said that. (I know it.)Whoever said it is wrong. (He is wrong.) Sometimes a noun clause is used withoutthe introductory word. Example: I know that he is here. (I know he is here.)

Instructions: Find the adjective, adverb or noun clauses in these sentences. If it is anadjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a nounclause, tell if it is used as the subject, predicate nominative, direct object,appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.

1. This year was the warmest year that we have had.

2. We waited for hours until we received word of his rescue.

3. The hiker whom I saw on Mount Timpanogos was eighty years old.

4. Mike thinks that he will win the lottery.

5. Who lost this wallet is a mystery to me.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that we have had = adjective clause modifying the predicate nominative year

2. until we received word of his rescue = adverb clause modifying the verb waited

3. whom I saw on Mount Timpanogos = adjective clause modifying the subject hiker

4. that he will win the lottery = noun clause used as the direct object

5. Who lost this wallet = noun clause used as the subject

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Lesson 279 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

2012-01-26T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjectiveor another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

1. That the tiger was gentle and tame was not certain.

2. Do not use that comb which has no teeth.

3. If the treaty is signed, the President will leave at once.

4. Patty explained how embalming is done.

5. Jack asked why the game had been canceled.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. That the tiger was gentle and tame = noun clause used as the subject

2. which has no teeth = adjective clause modifying the direct object comb

3. If the treaty is signed = adverb clause modifying the verb will leave

4. how embalming is done = noun clause used as the direct object

5. why the game had been canceled = noun clause used as the direct object

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Lesson 278 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

2012-01-25T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjectiveor another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

1. Then I learned the truth, that I had been cheated.

2. The trick that he played on me was not funny.

3. He hopes that he can learn to ski.

4. It is obvious that you want no help.

5. The truth is that freedom is not free.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that I had been cheated = noun clause used as the appositive

2. that he played on me = adjective clause modifying the subject trick

3. that he can learn to ski = noun clause used as the direct object

4. that you want no help = adverb clause modifying the predicate adjective obvious

5. that freedom is not free = noun clause used as the predicate nominative

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Lesson 277 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

2012-01-24T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjectiveor another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

1. You can make a shirt from whatever material I don't use.

2. What the audience wanted was another selection.

3. Whenever Barbara does well, she is really excited.

4. The boy was working faster than I could.

5. I gave whoever wanted one a pamphlet.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. whatever material I don't use = noun clause used as the object of thepreposition

2. What the audience wanted = noun clause used as the subject

3. Whenever Barbara does well = adverb clause modifying the predicateadjective excited

4. than I could (work fast) = adverb clause modifying the adverb faster

5. whoever wanted one = noun clause used as an indirect object

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Lesson 276 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective, Adverb, and Noun Clauses

2012-01-23T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjectiveor another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

Instructions: Find the adjective, adverb, or noun clauses in these sentences. If it is anadjective or adverb clause, tell which word it modifies, and if it is a nounclause, tell if it is used as the subject, predicate nominative, direct object,appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.

1. Donna is my mother-in-law who died several years ago.

2. Atlantic City is where the Boardwalk is located.

3. The man had another back operation because he ruptured another disk.

4. A nurse can find a job wherever she goes.

5. Now I understand why you didn't want to attend.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. who died several year ago = adjective clause modifying the predicate nominative mother-in-law

2. where the Boardwalk is located = noun clause used as the predicate nominative

3. because he ruptured another disk = adverb clause modifying the verb had

4. wherever she goes = adverb clause modifying the verb can find

5. why you didn't want to attend = noun clause used as the direct object

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Quiz for Lessons 271 - 275 - Parts of the Sentence - Noun Clauses

2012-01-21T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used. (Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, orobject of the preposition)

1. How the prisoner escaped is a mystery.

2. My feeling is that the robbery was an inside job.

3. Everyone is wondering how he could just disappear.

4. The news that he had escaped frightened the whole town.

5. The police have offered whoever finds the stolen diamonds a reward.

6. The family has had no word about where he might be.

7. That we were ready to go was a miracle.

8. Give whoever wants to go a ride to the game.

9. That you are losing ground was evident from the polls.

10. Whoever injured the handicapped woman must be feeling guilty.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. How the prisoner escaped = subject

2. that the robbery was an inside job = predicate nominative

3. how he could just disappear = direct object

4. that he had escaped = appositive

5. whoever finds the stolen diamonds = indirect object

6. where he might be = object of the preposition

7. That we were ready to go = subject

8. whoever wants to go = indirect object

9. That you are losing ground = subject

10. Whoever injured the handicapped woman = subject

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Lesson 275 - Parts of the Sentence - Noun Clauses

2012-01-20T07:00:00.000-07:00

A noun clause is a dependent clause that can be used in the same wayas a noun or pronoun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, directobject, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition.Some of the words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who,why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. Notice thatsome of these words also introduce adjective and adverb clauses. (To check anoun clause substitute the pronoun it or the proper form of the pronouns heor she for the noun clause.) Examples: I know who said that. (I know it.)Whoever said it is wrong. (He is wrong.) Sometimes a noun clause is used withoutthe introductory word. Example: I know that he is here. (I know he is here.)

Instructions: Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used.(Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, orobject of the preposition)

1. We will send the money to whoever asks for it.

2. Do you know how dynamite is made?

3. My hope that we visit Mount Rushmore is now a family idea.

4. His difficulty is that he cannot read.

5. Whoever said that is totally incorrect.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. whoever asks for it = object of the preposition

2. how dynamite is made = direct object

3. that we visit Mount Rushmore = appositive

4. that he cannot read = predicate nominative

5. Whoever said that = subject

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Lesson 274 - Parts of the Sentence - Noun Clauses

2012-01-19T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used.(Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, orobject of the preposition)

1. That he is an honest man cannot be denied.

2. Give whoever can prove ownership the money.

3. I have no opinion about who caused the problem.

4. He knows that he should be long-suffering.

5. A short vacation is what the family is planning.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. That he is an honest man = subject

2. whoever can prove ownership = indirect object

3. who caused the problem = object of the preposition

4. that he should be long-suffering = direct object

5. what the family is planning = predicate nominative

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Lesson 273 - Parts of the Sentence - Noun Clauses

2012-01-18T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used. (Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, orobject of the preposition)

1. Jeff's plea that he might buy a car was denied.

2. Give whoever calls first the prize.

3. Do you know why those people are protesting?

4. His excuse is that he was ill this morning.

5. Send on this secret mission whoever is the best qualified.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that he might buy a car = appositive

2. whoever calls first = indirect object

3. why those people are protesting = direct object

4. that he was ill this morning = predicate nominative

5. whoever is the best qualified = direct object

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Lesson 272 - Parts of the Sentence - Noun Clauses

2012-01-17T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used.(Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, orobject of the preposition)

1. I do not know where he is going to stay.

2. How rich I am should concern no one except me.

3. That I should get a haircut is Mother's idea.

4. I wonder where my shoes are.

5. The money goes to whoever wins the race.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. where he is going to stay = direct object

2. How rich I am = subject

3. That I should get a haircut = subject

4. where my shoes are = direct object

5. whoever wins the race = object of the preposition

Next Lesson

Lesson 271 - Parts of the Sentence - Noun Clauses

2012-01-16T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the noun clauses in the following sentences and tell how they are used.(Subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, orobject of the preposition)

1. One should profit from what he sees and learns.

2. Her idea that I hire you was a very good one.

3. We wonder what your plans for the trip are.

4. My hope is that we may visit in Boston.

5. Why you did not hire me is hard to comprehend.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. what he sees and learns = object of the preposition

2. that I hire you = appositive

3. what your plans for the trip are = direct object

4. that we may visit in Boston = predicate nominative

5. Why you did not hire me = subject

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Quiz for Lessons 266 - 270 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-14T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in these sentences and tell what word they modify. Ifit is a reduced adverb clause or elliptical adverb clause add the missing words.

1. You seem very happy when you help other people.

2. While you wait, we will detail your car.

3. I am happier than I ever was before.

4. That horse is more obstinate than a mule.

5. After seeing the final act, the audience applauded enthusiastically.

6. The woman took notes while being taught to cook with broccoli.

7. Ben fields baseballs better than he hits.

8. Although never having held office, the candidate decided to run forgovernor.

9. As the lions approached the carcass, the cheetahs retreated once more.

10. While eating, I choked on a bone.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. when you help other people modifies the predicate adjective happy

2. While you wait modifies the verb will detail

3. than I ever was (happy) before modifies the predicate adjective happier

4. than a mule (is obstinate) modifies the predicate adjective obstinate

5. After (they saw) the final act modifies the verb applauded

6. while (she was) being taught to cook with broccoli modifies theverb took

7. than he hits (baseballs well) modifies the adverb better

8. Although (he had) never held office modifies the verb decided

9. As the lions approached the carcass modifies the verb retreated

10. While (I was) eating modifies the verb choked

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Lesson 270 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-13T07:00:00.000-07:00

Adverb clauses like adjective clauses can give variety to your sentences.Sometimes we find adverb clauses that have left some words out. They are calledreduced adverb clauses. Example: While (she was) speaking to the timid student,the teacher spoke slowly.

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in these sentences and tell what word they modify. Ifit is a reduced adverb clause or elliptical adverb clause add the missing words.

1. You act as if I enjoy punishing you.

2. The contractor roughened the concrete while it was still wet.

3. My sister is smarter than I.

4. The manager talked with the workers after listening to their suggestions.

5. Before returning to work, he ate his lunch.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. as if I enjoy punishing you modifies the verb act

2. while it was still wet modifies the verb roughened

3. than I (am smart) modifies the predicate adjective smarter

4. after (he had listened) to their suggestions modifies the verb talked

5. Before (he returned) to work modifies the verb ate

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Lesson 269 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-12T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Rewrite the following reduced adverb clauses adding the missing words.

1. After hearing the terrible noise, they ran for their lives.

2. The customer paid for his groceries when passing through the check outstand.

3. Allen is only happy while participating in an argument.

4. Before leaving for the hike, the boy scouts were warned about snakes.

5. Until watering the lawn in the morning, he didn't see the dandelions init.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. After they had heard the terrible noise, they ran for their lives.

2. The customer paid for his groceries when he passed through the check outstand.

3. Allen is only happy while he is participating in an argument.

4. Before they left for the hike, the boy scouts were warned about snakes.

5. Until he had watered the lawn in the morning, he didn't see the dandelionsin it.

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Lesson 268 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-11T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Reduce the adverb clauses in these sentences.

1. While he was watching the geese, he saw the fox.

2. Richard got a thorn in his finger when he was pruning the roses.

3. The cat meowed loudly after it searched for a way into the house.

4. Although the man feared being ostracized, he continued helping everyone.

5. Will measured the board again before he made his final cut.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. While watching the geese, he saw the fox.

2. Richard got a thorn in his finger when pruning the roses.

3. The cat meowed loudly after searching for a way into the house.

4. Although fearing being ostracized, the man continued helping everyone.

5. Will measured the board again before making his final cut.

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Lesson 267 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-10T07:00:00.000-07:00

Adverb clauses like adjective clauses can give variety to your sentences.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the beginning of thesentence.

1. Frank started medical training. He drove a forklift for a living.

2. The rains had started the mud slides. The homes were not safe to live in.

3. Older people love to sit in the park. They feed the birds and visit.

4. I enjoyed camping out. I was much younger.

5. Joe recognized the man. The man had stopped his car to help.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

Several different subordinate conjunctions can be used to combine adverbclauses with independent clauses, but I will only show one possibility.

1. Before Frank started medical training, he drove a forklift for a living.

2. Because the rains had started the mud slides, the homes were not safe tolive in.

3. While they feed the birds and visit, older people love to sit in the park.

4. When I was much younger, I enjoyed camping out.

5. After the man had stopped his car to help, Joe recognized him.

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Lesson 266 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-09T07:00:00.000-07:00

Adverb clauses like adjective clauses can give variety to your sentences.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the end of thesentence.

1. We watched the robins. They raised their young in our apple tree.

2. Becky read the book. It was recommended by a friend.

3. Dad donates his suits to charity. He has worn them a year.

4. The policemen delayed the drivers. The wrecks were cleared.

5. Ann ate an apple. She studied her vocabulary.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

Several different subordinate conjunctions can be used to combine adverbclauses with independent clauses, but I will only show one possibility.

1. We watched the robins while they raised their young in our apple tree.

2. Becky read the book since it was recommended by a friend.

3. Dad donates his suits to charity after he has worn them a year.

4. The policemen delayed the drivers until the wrecks were cleared.

5. Ann ate an apple as she studied her vocabulary.

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Quiz for Lessons 261 - 265 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-07T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. I am hungrier than I thought.

2. We left before the game was over.

3. Lee is older than Bill.

4. While I was waiting for the phone call, I read a book.

5. If you don't believe me, ask my wife.

6. Are you upset because I didn't call?

7. The alarm rang while I was in the shower.

8. Open the window so that we can have some fresh air.

9. Paul will take you home when you are ready.

10. You shouldn't say those things unless you are certain about theirvalidity.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. than I thought modifies the predicate adjective hungrier

2. before the game was over modifies the verb left

3. than Bill (is old) modifies the predicate adjective older

4. While I was waiting for the phone call modifies the verb read

5. If you don't believe me modifies the verb ask

6. because I didn't call modifies the predicate adjective upset

7. while I was in the shower modifies the verb rang

8. so that we can have some fresh air modifies the verb open

9. when you are ready modifies the verb will take

10. unless you are certain about their validity modifies the verb shouldsay

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Lesson 265 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-06T07:00:00.000-07:00

A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependentclause. Example: The television was playing (independent clause which can standalone and make sense) as I left the room (dependent clause which must beattached to the independent clause to make sense). There are three kinds ofdependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause and noun clause.

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb,adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of thesentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma.Example: Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Than and as introduce clauses that are called ellipticalclauses. That is they have some of their parts understood but not stated.Example: You are smarter than I. (am smart.) They always modify the comparativeword (smarter).

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. Ila reads music better than Becky.

2. The dog whined sadly as I walked into the house.

3. If you have time, finish doing the dishes for me.

4. Many operations are unsuccessful because the patient is not carefulafterwards.

5. Whenever I go out the door, the dog barks to go also.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. than Becky (can read music well) modifies the adverb better

2. as I walked into the house modifies the verb whined

3. If you have time modifies the verb finish

4. because the patient in not careful afterwards modifies thepredicate adjective unsuccessful

5. Whenever I go out the door modifies the verb barks

Next Lesson

Lesson 264 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-05T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb,adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of thesentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma.Example: Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. Although I became tired, I enjoyed the hike.

2. You cannot become an expert driver until you drive for several years.

3. Buy that coat now because it might be sold tomorrow.

4. I cannot reach the top window unless I have a ladder.

5. After you have eaten lunch, we will leave for New York.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Although I became tired modifies the verb enjoyed

2. until you drive for several years modifies the verb can become

3. because it might be sold tomorrow modifies the verb buy

4. unless I have a ladder modifies the verb can reach

5. After you have eaten lunch modifies the verb will leave

Next Lesson

Lesson 263 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-04T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb,adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of thesentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma.Example: Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Instructions: Complete the elliptical adverb clauses in the following sentences and tellwhat they modify.

1. My dog is older than I.

2. Jim can run faster than Jeff.

3. Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards.

4. He is trying as hard as James.

5. Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. My dog is older than I am old. than I am old modifies the predicateadjective older

2. Jim can run faster than Jeff can run fast. than Jeff can run fastmodifies the adverb faster

3. Pam spells more accurately than she keyboards accurately. than shekeyboards accurately modifies the adverb accurately

4. He is trying as hard as James is trying hard. as James is trying hardmodifies the adverb hard

5. Barbara is a better tennis player than Jeanne is a good tennis player.than Jeanne is a good tennis player modifies the adjective better

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Lesson 262 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-03T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb,adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

Sometimes the adverb clause is placed at the beginning of thesentence. When it introduces the sentence, it is always set off with a comma.Example: Before the game had ended, they arrived.

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. When you came from the garage, did you see the mower there?

2. Because the field was muddy, the game had to be cancelled.

3. Although you should return to class, just wait here for me.

4. As I sat motionless, the two squirrels came closer and closer.

5. Since I can spare only a few minutes, please be brief with yourpresentation.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. When you came from the garage modifies the verb did see

2. Because the field was muddy modifies the verbal to be cancelled

3. Although you should return to class modifies the verb wait

4. As I sat motionless modifies the verb came

5. Since I can spare only a few minutes modifies the predicateadjective brief

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Lesson 261 - Parts of the Sentence - Adverb Clauses

2012-01-02T07:00:00.000-07:00

An adverb clause is a dependent clause that modifies a verb,adjective, or another adverb. It usually modifies the verb.

Example: They arrived before the game had ended. ("before the game hadended" is the adverb clause modifying the verb arrived tellingwhen.)

Instructions: Find the adverb clauses in the following sentences and tell what they modify.

1. You clean the bathroom while I clean the carpet.

2. Ann was confident that she would play the best.

3. Bring in the toys before they get destroyed.

4. I stood on the box so that I could see the top of the shelf.

5. Your face becomes red when you are angry.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. while I clean the carpet modifies the verb clean

2. that she would play the best modifies the predicate adjective confident

3. before they get destroyed modifies the verb bring

4. so that I could see the top of the shelf modifies the verb stood

5. when you are angry modifies the verb becomes

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Quiz for Lessons 256 - 260 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-31T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using an adjective clause using theintroductory words who, whose, whom, which, that, when, and where.

1. The occasion was a momentous one for all. All the family were together atlast.

2. The site has several steep slopes. The million-dollar home will be builtthere.

3. The time was very exciting. Our team won the championship.

4. The author wrote the novel. He received a Pulitzer Prize.

5. I recall the time. There was no freeway to Salt Lake City then.

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences placing the adjective clause in the correctplace.

6. The little dog was running behind the boy that was growling and barkingfiercely.

7. The trunk of the passenger was placed on the train which was covered withtravel stickers.

8. A dog ran onto the football field which looked like the team mascot.

9. The car is now in our garage that was in a wreck yesterday.

10. The crickets were the targets of our poison bait which were destroyingour crops.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The occasion when all the family were together at last was amomentous one for all.

2. The site where the million-dollar home will be built has severalsteep slopes.

3. The time when our team won the championship was very exciting.

4. The author who received a Pulitzer Prize wrote the novel.

5. I recall the time when there was no freeway to Salt Lake City.

6. The little dog that was growling and barking fiercely was runningbehind the boy.

7. The passenger's trunk which was covered with travel stickers wasplaced on the train.

8. A dog which looked like the team mascot ran onto the footballfield.

9. The car that was in a wreck yesterday is now in our garage.

10. The crickets which were destroying our crops were the targets ofour poison bait.

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Lesson 260 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-30T07:00:00.000-07:00

In using an adjective clause, you should always place it as near to the word itmodifies as possible. If you misplace the adjective clause, it makes aridiculous sentence or one that is unclear. Examples: (incorrect) = I waved tomy dog from the car that had just licked my face. (The car did not lick my face;the dog did.) (correct) = From the car I waved to my dog that had just licked myface. (Now the clause is as close as it can be to the word it modifies. That isnext to dog.)

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences placing the adjective clause in the correctplace.

1. The tall man was stopped by a police officer who had been actingsuspiciously.

2. We found the key under the couch that had been lost.

3. She took the letter to the post office which she had written earlier.

4. The rosebush is next to a weedy lot that is very beautiful.

5. The tanker sailed into the harbor which was carrying a load of oil.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The tall man who had been acting suspiciously was stopped by apolice officer.

2. We found the key that had been lost under the couch.

3. She took the letter which she had written earlier to the postoffice.

4. The rosebush that is very beautiful is next to a weedy lot.

5. The tanker which was carrying a load of oil sailed into the harbor.

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Lesson 259 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-29T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences placing the adjective clause in the correctplace.

1. They drove to the lake in their new car where they love to fish for bass.

2. The large limousine pulled up to the curb which was loaded with studentsfor the prom.

3. The new tricycle was smashed on the driveway that had been deliveredyesterday.

4. We showed the pictures to our friends that we had taken at the wedding.

5. We caught several fish with the new bait which we cooked for dinner.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. They drove in their new car to the lake where they love to fish forbass.

2. The large limousine which was loaded with students for the prompulled up to the curb.

3. The new tricycle that had been delivered yesterday was smashed onthe driveway.

4. We showed to our friends the pictures that we had taken at the wedding.

5. We caught with the new bait several fish which we cooked for dinner.

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Lesson 258 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-28T07:00:00.000-07:00

Using the various kinds of clauses as with the use of the verbals can givevariety to your sentences. Adjective clauses can be used that way.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using an adjective clause using theintroductory words who, whose, whom, which, that, when, and where.

1. The school has been closed. The students were exposed to asbestos there.

2. The clinic processed the MRI. The MRI showed my back problem.

3. Joe contacted the artist. The artist was going to paint his portrait.

4. The hour went by very slowly. We were waiting for their arrival.

5. The children were lost there. I found them in the woods.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The school where the students were exposed to asbestos has beenclosed.

2. The clinic processed the MRI which showed my back problem.

3. Joe contacted the artist that was going to paint his portrait.

4. The hour when we were waiting for their arrival went by veryslowly.

5. The children whom I found in the woods were lost there.

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Lesson 257 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-27T07:00:00.000-07:00

Using the various kinds of clauses as with the use of the verbals can givevariety to your sentences. Adjective clauses can be used that way.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using an adjective clause using theintroductory words who, whose, whom, which, that, when, and where.

1. They followed the strange man. He had just come from the dark alley.

2. The lot is covered with salt grass. We play baseball there.

3. A minute passed in complete silence. Terri announced her wedding plansthen.

4. The newspaper had been delivered late. It is the one I receive.

5. I bought Jim a book. The book is about magic.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. They followed the strange man who had just come from the dark alley.

2. The lot where we play baseball is covered with salt grass.

3. A minute when Terri announced her wedding plans passed in completesilence.

4. The newspaper that I receive had been delivered late.

5. I bought Jim a book which is about magic.

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Lesson 256 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-26T07:00:00.000-07:00

Using the various kinds of clauses as with the use of the verbals can givevariety to your sentences. Adjective clauses can be used that way.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using an adjective clause using theintroductory words who, whose, whom, which, that, when and where.

1. The doctor examined the patient. The patient had fallen from a cliff.

2. The mechanic repaired my sister's car. The car had a warped block.

3. The restaurant had closed permanently. The customers were shot there.

4. The day was a wonderful day. Terri was married on that day.

5. The parents had great respect for the teacher. The teacher had taughttheir children.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. The doctor examined the patient who had fallen from a cliff.

2. The mechanic repaired my sister's car that had a warped block.

3. The restaurant where the customers were shot had closedpermanently.

4. The day was a wonderful day when Terri was married.

5. The parents had great respect for the teacher who had taught theirchildren.

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Quiz for Lesson 251 - 255 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-24T07:00:00.000-07:00

The adjective clause is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. It will beginwith a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or asubordinate conjunction (when and where). Those are the only wordsthat can be used to introduce an adjective clause. The introductory wordwill always rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with apreposition which will come between the introductory word and the word itrenames. Examples: The student whose hand was up gave the wrong answer. Whosehand was up is the adjective clause with whose, the relative pronoun,renaming and modifying student. Jane is a person in whom I canplace my confidence. In whom I can place my confidence is theadjective clause with whom, the relative pronoun, with the preposition inbetween it and person, the word that whom renames and

modifies.

Instructions: Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word itmodifies.

1. I like a leader who listens to his men.

2. The dog which I loved dearly was hit by a truck last night.

3. Rulon is a person who takes responsibility well.

4. All individuals who purchased tickets will be admitted.

5. The shirt that you bought me doesn't fit well.

6. The woman who baked the winning pie is my wife.

7. You called at a time when I was unable to answer.

8. Gayle is the one for whom you are looking.

9. Those who are willing to serve others will be rewarded.

10. One to whom much is given is expected to give much in return.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. who listens to his men modifies leader

2. which I loved dearly modifies dog

3. who takes responsibility well modifies person

4. who purchased tickets modifies individual;

5. that you bought me modifies shirt

6. who baked the winning pie modifies woman

7. when I was unable to answer modifies time

8. for whom you are looking modifies one

9. who are willing to serve others modifies those

10. to whom much is given modifies one

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Lesson 255 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-23T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word itmodifies.

1. This is a matter about which there was much discussion.

2. It is the man on your left who will be the next principal.

3. The car whose license plate I could not read sped quickly away.

4. Did you find the opening where the sheep got through?

5. The man whom you admire greatly will be the next speaker.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. about which there was much discussion modifies matter

2. who will be the next principal modifies man (prepositional phrase againseparating the word renamed)

3. whose license plate I could not read modifies car

4. where the sheep got through modifies opening

5. whom you admire greatly modifies man

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Lesson 254 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-22T07:00:00.000-07:00

A complex sentence is made up of an independent clause and a dependent clause. Example: The television was playing (independent clause which can stand alone and make sense) as I left the room (dependent clause which must be attached to the independent clause to make sense). There are three kinds of dependent clauses: adjective clause, adverb clause and noun clause.

The adjective clause is used to modify a noun or a pronoun. It will begin with a relative pronoun (who, whose, whom, which, and that) or a subordinate conjunction (when and where). Those are the only words that can be used to introduce an adjective clause. The introductory word will always rename the word that it follows and modifies except when used with a preposition which will come between the introductory word and the word it renames. Examples: The student whose hand was up gave the wrong answer. Whose hand was up is the adjective clause with whose, the relative pronoun, renaming and modifying student. Jane is a person in whom I can place my confidence. In whom I can place my confidence is the adjective clause with whom, the relative pronoun, with the preposition inbetween it and person, the word that whom renames and modifies.

Instructions: Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word it modifies.

1. Will you thaw the pizza that is in the freezer?

2. I am looking for the person who owns this car.

3. I remember well the time when I broke my leg.

4. I want to ride a horse which is very tame.

5. We must find a person whose honesty is above reproach.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that is in the freezer modifies pizza

2. who owns this car modifies person

3. when I broke my leg modifies time

4. which is very tame modifies horse

5. whose honesty is above reproach modifies person

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Lesson 253 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-21T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word itmodifies.

1. The ride that we rode at the amusement park was very scary.

2. Here is the place where the plane wrecked.

3. The diamond in that ring that Mark bought was gigantic.

4. The dress that the Queen is wearing weighs fifty pounds.

5. The student whose hand was raised shouted out the answer.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that we rode at the amusement park modifies ride

2. where the plane wrecked modifies place

3. that Mark bought modifies ring

4. that the Queen is wearing modifies dress

5. whose hand was raised modifies student

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Lesson 252 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-20T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word itmodifies.

1. The singer that you see on stage is my sister.

2. The owner is a woman by whom many things have been accomplished.

3. The teacher who gives the girls piano lessons lives next door.

4. The man whose leg was broken was taken to the hospital.

5. This is the place where the Donner Party perished.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that you see on stage modifies singer

2. by whom many things have been accomplished modifies woman

3. who gives the girls piano lessons modifies teacher

4. whose leg was broken modifies man

5. where the Donner Party perished modifies place

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Lesson 251 - Parts of the Sentence - Adjective Clauses

2011-12-19T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the adjective clause in the following sentences and tell which word itmodifies.

1. I play a kind of music that nobody likes.

2. The man whom you saw was not the famous actor.

3. I remember the day when I took my first airplane ride.

4. I have a neighbor whose parents live in Australia.

5. The hint that I learned about cleaning the walk saved me much work.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. that nobody likes modifies either music or kind (a prepositional phrasecan separate the introductory word from the word it modifies)

2. whom you saw modifies man

3. when I took my first airplane ride modifies day

4. whose parents live in Australia modifies neighbor

5. that I learned about cleaning the walk modifies hint

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Quiz for Lessons 246 - 250 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

2011-12-17T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Tell whether the words in quotation marks are independent clauses,dependent clauses, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, gerund phrases, orinfinitive phrases.

1. Do not leave for help "until I signal you."

2. "Here are the plants" that you wanted.

3. I remained "staring at the damage" when help arrived.

4. "Having learned the outcome," I was at a loss "to know whatto do."

5. The neighbors stared "at me" in unbelief.

Instructions: Combine the following sentences with the appropriate co-ordinateconjunctions.

6. I turned on my radio. There was no sound.

7. The storm had ended. The sun peeked out from the clouds.

8. I did not attend the meeting. John didn't either.

9. You must leave soon. You will be late for class.

10. A phrase has neither a verb nor a subject. The clause has both.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. until I signal you = dependent clause

2. Here are the plants = independent clause

3. staring at the damage = participial phrase

4. Having learned the outcome = participial phrase, to know what to do =infinitive phrase

5. at me = prepositional phrase

6. I turned on the radio, but there was no sound.

7. The storm had ended, and the sun peeked out from the clouds.

8. I did not attend the meeting, nor did John.

9. You must leave soon, or you will be late for class.

10. A phrase has neither a verb nor a subject, but the clause has both.

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Lesson 250 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

2011-12-16T07:00:00.000-07:00

A clause is a group of words having a subject and a verb. An independentclause can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is alwaysused as some part of speech. It can be an adjective, adverb, or noun. It cannotstand alone as a sentence.

A phrase is a group of words used as a sentence part. It does not have asubject and a verb. It can be a noun, adjective or adverb. We have studied thefollowing phrases: prepositional, gerund, participial, and infinitive.

A compound sentence combines two or more independent clauses. Commasseparate the clauses of a compound sentence. (A short sentence joined by andis sometimes combined without a comma.) Example: She talks and he listens. Asemicolon can take the place of the conjunction and comma. Only clauses closelyrelated in thought should be joined to make a compound sentence.

Instructions: Tell whether the words in quotation marks are independent clauses,dependent clauses, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, gerund phrases, orinfinitive phrases.

1. "When I received the email," I knew it was "not to beopened."

2. When you go to the store, "buy some ice cream and cookies."

3. The vase must have been broken "by the grandchildren."

4. "Having been left alone," the boy jumped at every noise.

5. "Planning a successful wedding" requires lots of work.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. When I received the email = dependent clause, not to be opened =infinitive phrase

2. buy some ice cream and cookies = independent clause

3. by the grandchildren = prepositional phrase

4. Having been left alone = participial phrase

5. Planning a successful wedding = gerund phrase

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Lesson 249 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

2011-12-15T07:00:00.000-07:00

The conjunction should express the proper relationship between the clauses. Andjoins ideas of equal importance. Or joins clauses that expressalternatives. Nor joins negative ideas together. But joins clausesthat express contrasting ideas.

Do not confuse a compound sentence with a simple sentence having compoundparts. Both sides of the conjunction will make sense in a compound sentence.Example: Mother baked a cake / and / I frosted it.

Instructions: Tell whether the following sentences are compound sentences or not. If theyare not, tell which compound part they are.

1. The girl just sat there but said nothing.

2. I looked for the book, but I could not find it.

3. Jeff must have arrived safely, or we would have been notified.

4. One of my friends and his dad have flown to Brazil.

5. Everyone was playing or swimming in the pool.

6. Suddenly the rain poured down, and the party was ruined.

7. We will vacation in the Black Hills or at Waterton.

8. I haven't heard from Becky, nor do I expect a call soon.

9. I climbed the tree and looked in the bird's nest.

10. She planned to read the letter, but it could not be found.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. compound verb

2. compound sentence

3. compound sentence

4. compound subject

5. compound verb

6. compound sentence

7. compound object of the preposition

8. compound sentence

9. compound verb

10. compound sentence

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Lesson 248 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

2011-12-14T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Combine the following sentences using the appropriate co-ordinateconjunctions, and, but, or, nor.

1. Mother wanted to watch the movie. Dad wanted to see the wrestling.

2. You must remember your password. You cannot log on.

3. I wanted to walk across the river. The ice was too thin.

4. It was a warm, beautiful day. My desires matched the day perfectly.

5. You did not help you brother. He doesn't expect you to help him.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Mother wanted to watch the movie, but Dad wanted to see the wrestling.

2. You must remember your password, or you cannot log on.

3. I wanted to walk across the river, but the ice was too thin.

4. It was a warm, beautiful day, and my desires matched the day perfectly.

5. You did not help your brother, nor does he expect you to do so.

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Lesson 247 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

2011-12-13T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Tell if the following sentences are good combinations.

1. Mr. Jones is a very short man, but he walks with an air of authority.

2. Today has been very warm, and I have some English lessons to write.

3. I have again been to Mexico, but I don't expect to return soon.

4. My dog is a short, stupid-looking dog, but he is very smart.

5. The mail comes about noon each day, and I need to weed the flowers.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. a good combination

2. a poor combination

3. a good combination

4. a good combination

5. a poor combination

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Lesson 246 - Parts of the Sentence - Compound Sentences

2011-12-12T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Tell whether each group of words is a clause or a phrase.

1. Before the gate broke

2. After having eaten

3. In answer to your question

4. How I will mark the reports

5. Made of sweat and blood

6. Upon whom the blame lies

7. By remaining totally still

8. Why did you stop

9. After everyone ceased shouting

10. To take me home

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. clause

2. phrase

3. phrase

4. clause

5. phrase

6. clause

7. phrase

8. clause

9. clause

10. phrase

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Quiz for Lessons 241 - 245 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals Review

2011-12-10T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Using all the knowledge learned in the previous lessons, find the verbs(v), subjects (subj), predicate nominatives (pn), direct objects (do),appositives (app), nouns of address (na), adjectives (adj), predicateadjectives (pa), adverbs (adv), prepositions (prep), objects of thepreposition (op), prepositional phrases (p ph), indirect objects (io), and objectivecomplements (oc) in the following sentences.

If the word is a verbal, tell whether it is a gerund, participle,noun infinitive, adjective infinitive, or adverb infinitive. Tellwhich word the adjective, adverb, prepositional phrase, verbal, orverbal phrase modify.

Example: The actors performed there to entertain and to be seen. (performed =verb, actors = subject, the = adjective modifying actors, there = adverbmodifying performed, to entertain/to be seen = adv. infinitives modifyingperformed, and = conjunction)

1. Are you too important to help the poor?

2. The crying child had upset everyone in the room.

3. He jumped across the gap without knowing the distance.

4. Exercising is good for everyone.

5. Jeff loves to dance constantly.

6. Teasing by your friends is hard to take.

7. Fearing reprisal, the people fled from the city.

8. Eating out is the thing to do tonight.

9. I don't know whether to tell him or to keep quiet.

10. Our next job, to run to the store, should be done quickly.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. are = verb, you = subject, important = predicate adjective modifying you,too = adverb modifying important, to help the poor = adverb infinitive phrasemodifying important, poor = direct object to the verbal to help, the = adjectivemodifying poor

2. had upset = verb, child = subject, the = adjective modifying child, crying= participle modifying child, everyone = direct object, in the room =prepositional phrase modifying everyone, in = preposition, room = object of thepreposition, the = adjective modifying room

3. jumped = verb, he = subject, across the gap = prepositional phrasemodifying jumped, across = preposition, gap = object of the preposition, the =adjective modifying gap, without knowing the distance = prepositional phrasemodifying jumped, without = preposition, knowing = gerund used as the object ofthe preposition, distance = direct object of the verbal knowing, the = adjectivemodifying distance

4. is = verb, exercising = gerund used as the subject, good = predicateadjective modifying exercising, for everyone = prepositional phrase modifyinggood, for = preposition, everyone = object of the preposition

5. loves = verb, Jeff = subject, to dance constantly = noun infinitive phraseused as a direct object, constantly = adverb modifying to dance

6. is = verb, teasing by your friends = gerund phrase used as the subject, byyour friends = prepositional phrase modifying teasing, by = preposition, friends= object of the preposition, your = adjective modifying friends, hard =predicate adjective modifying teasing, to take = adverb infinitive modifyinghard

7. fled = verb, people = subject, the = adjective modifying people, fearingreprisal = participial phrase modifying people, reprisal = direct object to theverbal fearing, from the city = prepositional phrase modifying fled, from =preposition, city = object of the preposition, the = adjective modifying city

8. is = verb, eating out = gerund phrase used as a subject, out = adverbmodifying the verbal eating, thing = predicate nominative, the = adjectivemodifying thing, to do tonight = adjective infinitive phrase modifying thing,tonight = adverb modifying to do

9. do know = verb, I = subject, n't = adverb modifying do know, whether/or =correlative conjunction, to tell him/to keep quiet = noun infinitive phrasesused as direct objects, him = direct object to the verbal to tell, quiet =adverb modifying to keep

10. should be done = verb, job = subject, our/next = adjectives modifyingjob, to run to the store = noun infinitive phrase used as an appositive, to thestore = prepositional phrase modifying to run, to = preposition, store = objectof the preposition, the = adjective modifying store, quickly = adverb modifyingshould be done

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Lesson 245 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals Review

2011-12-09T07:00:00.000-07:00

1. The rules are hard to remember.

2. Carl hopes to have enough time this week.

3. The President favors spending more money for welfare.

4. The destroyed room left no clues for the police.

5. I saw her trying to save the drowning cat.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. are = verb, rules = subject, the = adjective modifying rules, hard =predicate adjective modifying rules, to remember = adverb infinitive modifyinghard

2. hopes = verb, Carl = subject, to have enough time this week = nouninfinitive phrase used as a direct object, time = direct object to verbal tohave, enough = adjective modifying time, week = adverb modifying verbal to have,this = adjective modifying week

3. favors = verb, President = subject, the = adjective modifying President,spending more money for welfare = gerund phrase used as direct object, money =direct object to the verbal spending, more = adjective modifying money, forwelfare = prepositional phrase modifying spending, for = preposition, welfare =object of the preposition

4. left = verb, room = subject, the = adjective modifying room, destroyed =participle modifying room, clues = direct object, no = adjective modifyingclues, for the police = prepositional phrase modifying clues, for = preposition,police = object of the preposition, the = adjective modifying police

5. saw = verb, I = subject, her = direct object, trying = participle used asan object compliment, to save the drowning cat = noun infinitive phrase used asa direct object to the verbal trying, cat = direct object to the verbal to save,the = adjective modifying cat, drowning = participle modifying cat

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Lesson 244 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals Review

2011-12-08T07:00:00.000-07:00

1. The ricocheting car flew through the wall of the house.

2. Go to the thesaurus to find a better word.

3. This computer program is difficult to understand and follow.

4. Have you tried writing a letter to him?

5. Harold's chief interests are gambling and spending money.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. flew = verb, car = subject, the = adjective modifying car, ricocheting =participle modifying car, through the wall = prepositional phrase modifyingflew, through = preposition, wall = object of the preposition, the = adjectivemodifying wall, of the house = prepositional phrase modifying wall, of =preposition, house = object of the preposition, the = adjective modifying house

2. go = verb, (you) = subject, to the thesaurus = prepositional phrasemodifying go, to = preposition, thesaurus = object of the preposition, the =adjective modifying thesaurus, to find a better word = adverb infinitive phrasemodifying go, word = direct object to the verbal to find, a/better = adjectivesmodifying word

3. is = verb, program = subject, this/computer = adjectives modifyingprogram, difficult = predicate adjective modifying program, to understand/(to)follow = adverb infinitives modifying difficult, and = conjunction

4. have tried = verb, you = subject, writing a letter to him = gerund phraseused as direct object, letter = direct object to the verbal writing, a =adjective modifying letter, to him = prepositional phrase modifying writing, to= preposition, him = object of the preposition

5. are = verb, interests = subject, Harold's/chief = adjectives modifyinginterests, gambling/spending money = gerund and a gerund phrase used aspredicate nominatives, money = direct object to verbal spending, and =conjunction

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Lesson 243 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals Review

2011-12-07T07:00:00.001-07:00

1. Blaming others is a coward's way to feel better.

2. We do not plan to change the landscape.

3. Keeping his promise, Jim was there to help.

4. I am too old to learn to ski.

5. One way to lose weight is to exercise.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. is = verb, blaming others = gerund phrase used as subject, others = directobject to verbal blaming, way = predicate nominative, a/coward's = adjectivesmodifying way, to feel better = adjective infinitive phrase modifying way,better = predicate adjective modifying verbal to feel

2. do plan = verb, we = subject, not = adverb modifying do plan, to changethe landscape = noun infinitive phrase used as a direct object, landscape =direct object to the verbal to change, the = adjective modifying landscape

3. was = verb, Jim = subject, keeping his promise = participial phrasemodifying Jim, promise = direct object to the verbal keeping, his = adjectivemodifying promise, there = adverb modifying was, to help = adverb infinitivemodifying was

4. am = verb, I = subject, old = predicate adjective modifying am, too =adverb modifying old, to learn to ski = adverb infinitive phrase modifying old,to ski = noun infinitive used as the direct object of the verbal to learn

5. is = verb, way = subject, one = adjective modifying way, to lose weight =adjective infinite phrase modifying way, weight = direct object to the verbal tolose, to exercise = noun infinitive used as the predicate nominative

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Lesson 242 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals Review

2011-12-06T07:00:00.000-07:00

1. Do you have a car to rent?

2. Flags hung too high are hard to take down.

3. Your moaning and groaning will not make things easier.

4. You know my problem, hating too many foods.

5. To decorate for the wedding will cost a great deal.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. do have = verb, you = subject, car = direct object, a = adjectivemodifying car, to rent = adverb infinitive modifying do have

2. are = verb, flags = subject, hung too high = participial phrase modifyingflags, high = adverb modifying hung, too = adverb modifying high, hard =predicate adjective modifying flags, to take down = adverb infinitive phrasemodifying hard, down = adverb modifying to take

3. will make = verb, moaning/groaning = gerunds used as subjects, your =adjective modifying moaning/groaning, not = adverb modifying will make, things =direct object, easier = object compliment modifying things

4. know = verb. you = subject, problem = direct object, my = adjectivemodifying problem, hating too many foods = gerund phrase used as appositive,foods = direct object, many = adjective modifying foods, too = adverb modifyingmany

5. will cost = verb, to decorate for the wedding = noun infinitive phraseused as a subject, for the wedding = prepositional phrase modifying to decorate,for = preposition, wedding = object of the preposition, the = adjectivemodifying wedding, deal = direct object, a/great = adjectives modifying deal

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Lesson 241 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals Review

2011-12-05T07:00:00.000-07:00

1. I finally bought me a hearing aid to hear better.

2. Sometimes I just need to try again.

3. Having decided definitely, he stepped onto the train to leave home.

4. The person winning the lottery will have a different life.

5. You can only reach our place by crossing the river.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. bought = verb, I = subject, finally = adverb modifying bought, me =indirect object, hearing aid = direct object, a = adjective modifying hearingaid, to hear better = adverb infinitive phrase modifying bought, better = adverbmodifying to hear

2. need = verb, I = subject, sometimes/just = adverbs modifying need, to tryagain = noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object, again = adverbmodifying to try

3. stepped = verb, he = subject, having decided definitely = participialphrase modifying he, definitely = adverb modifying having decided, onto thetrain = prepositional phase modifying stepped, onto = preposition, train =object of the preposition, the = adjective modifying train, to leave home =adverb infinitive phrase modifying stepped, home = adverb modifying to leave

4. will have = verb, person = subject, the = adjective modifying person,winning the lottery = participial phrase modifying person, lottery = directobject to the verbal winning, the = adjective modifying lottery, life = directobject, a/different = adjectives modifying life

5. can reach = verb, you = subject, only = adverb modifying can reach, place= direct object, our = adjective modifying place, by crossing the river =prepositional phrase modifying can reach, by = preposition, crossing the river =gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition, river = direct object tothe verbal crossing, the = adjective modifying river

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Quiz for Lessons 236 - 240 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

2011-12-03T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. Are you too busy to help us?

2. The crying child rushed to his mother.

3. He jumped from the cliff without looking down.

4. Walking is good for everyone.

5. Jim loves to play basketball.

6. Correction by others is hard to take.

7. Fearing their enemies, many small animals are nocturnal.

8. Law and Order is the program to watch tonight.

9. I don't know whether to go or to stay.

10. Our next job, to finish the painting, should be easy.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to help us is an adverb infinitive modifying the predicate adjective busy

2. crying is a participle modifying the subject child.

3. looking down is a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition without

4. walking is a gerund used as the subject

5. to play basketball is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object

6. to take is an adverb infinitive modifying the predicate adjective hard

7. fearing their enemies is a participial phrase modifying the subject animals

8. to watch tonight is an adjective infinitive phrase modifying the predicate nominative program

9. to go/to stay are noun infinitives used as direct objects

10. to finish the painting is a noun infinitive used as an appositive/ painting is a gerund used as the direct object to the verbal to finish

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Lesson 240 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

2011-12-02T07:00:00.000-07:00

A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. Eating is fun.

A participle is used as an adjective and ends in various ways. A present participle always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that it is an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly. Examples: played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, having been seen.

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. You are difficult to understand.

2. Jack hopes to join the Army next month.

3. The Senate favors increasing taxes.

4. The broken lamp lay on the floor.

5. I saw him trying to open the trunk.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to understand is an adverb infinitive modifying the predicate adjective difficult

2. to join the Army next month is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object

3. increasing taxes is a gerund phrase used as the direct object

4. broken is a participle modifying the subject lamp

5. trying to open the trunk is a participial phrase modifying the direct object him/to open the trunk is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object to the verbal trying

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Lesson 239 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

2011-12-01T07:00:00.000-07:00

A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. Eating is fun.

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. The glancing blow did little damage.

2. Go to the dictionary to look for the answer.

3. This computer game is easy to play and to understand.

4. Have you tried writing it down daily?

5. His chief interests are skiing and racing.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. glancing is a participle modifying the subject blow

2. to look for the answer is an adverb infinitive phrase modifying the verb go

3. to play/to understand are adverb infinitives modifying the predicate adjective easy

4. writing it down daily is a gerund phrase used as the direct object

5. skiing/racing are gerunds used as predicate nominatives

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Lesson 238 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

2011-11-30T07:00:00.000-07:00

A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. Eating is fun.

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. Blaming others is not being honest with oneself.

2. We do not plan to change the rules.

3. Forgetting his promise, Jeff returned home late.

4. My dog is too old to learn new tricks.

5. One way to improve is regular practice.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. blaming others is a gerund phrase used as the subject

2. to change the rules is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object

3. forgetting his promise is a participial phrase modifying the subject Jeff

4. to learn new tricks is an adverb infinitive phrase modifying the predicate adjective old

5. to improve is an adjective infinitive modifying the subject way

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Lesson 237 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

2011-11-29T07:00:00.000-07:00

A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. Eating is fun.

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. Signs hung too high can't be read.

2. You know my weakness, eating late at night.

3. Your weeping and wailing will not change a thing.

4. To decorate for the dance will cost too much.

5. Do you have a book to read?

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. hung too high is a participial phrase modifying the subject signs

2. eating late at night is a gerund phrase used as an appositive

3. your weeping/wailing are gerunds used as subjects

4. to decorate for the dance is a noun infinitive phrase used as the subject

5. to read is an adverb infinitive modifying the verb do have

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Lesson 236 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals

2011-11-28T07:00:00.000-07:00

A verbal is a verb form used as some other part of speech. There are three kinds of verbals: gerunds, participles and infinitives.

A gerund always ends in ing and is used as a noun. Eating is fun.

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Instructions: Find the gerunds, gerund phrases, participles, participial phrases, infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences, tell what kind of verbal they are, and how they are used.

1. To see better, I got new glasses.

2. Sometimes I just need to do more.

3. Having changed his mind, he turned to go.

4. The team winning the match will be given new shirts.

5. You can go home only by crossing the street.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to see better is an adverb infinitive phrase modifying the verb got

2. to do more is a noun infinitive phrase used as the direct object

3. having changed his mind is a participial phrase modifying the subject he/to go is an adverb infinitive modifying the verb turned

4. winning the match is a participial phrase modifying the subject team

5. crossing the street is a gerund phrase used as the object of the preposition

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Quiz for Lessons 231 - 235 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Adverb Infinitives

2011-11-26T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Find the infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences and tell whatword they modify.

1. The salesman is likely to go and to return in one day.

2. The crowd had come to demonstrate against his cruelty.

3. I would be happy to help you.

4. Frightened by the bear, I was unable to move or run.

5. No one came to see the old man.

6. The commentator stopped to clarify his statement.

7. In this storm it is hard to see.

8. The deer returned to eat more from our yard.

9. We stopped to view the beautiful sunset.

10. I was able to grab the rope and climb to safety.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to go/to return in one day modify the predicate adjective likely

2. to demonstrate against his cruelty modifies the verb had come

3. to help you modifies the predicate adjective happy

4. to move/(to) run modify the predicate adjective unable

5. to see the old man modifies the verb came

6. to clarify his statement modifies the verb stopped

7. to see modifies the predicate adjective hard

8. to eat more from our yard modifies the verb returned

9. to view the beautiful sunset modifies the verb stopped

10. to grab the rope/(to) climb to safety modify the predicate adjective able

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Lesson 235 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Adverb Infinitives

2011-11-25T07:00:00.000-07:00

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used asan adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Adverb infinitives are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why.Adverb infinitives are used to modify predicate adjectives. They may also becompound.

An infinitive phrase is made up of an infinitive and any complements(direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives, or modifiers.) An infinitivephrase that comes at the beginning of the sentence is always followed by acomma and modifies the subject of the sentence.

Instructions: Find the infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences and tell whatword they modify.

1. The inspector came to check the dam for leaks.

2. Fred finally went to work.

3. Paul arrived in New York to study physics and to learn more.

4. Are you old enough to drive?

5. The new soldiers were ready to listen and obey.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to check the dam for leaks modifies the verb came

2. to work modifies the verb went

3. to study physics/to learn more modify the verb arrived

4. to drive modifies the predicate adjective old

5. to listen/(to) obey modify the predicate adjective ready

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Lesson 234 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Adverb Infinitives

2011-11-24T07:00:00.000-07:00

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used asan adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Adverb infinitives are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why.Adverb infinitives are used to modify predicate adjectives. They may also becompound.

Instructions: Find the infinitive phrases in these sentences and tell what word theymodify.

1. The actors performed there to entertain and to be seen.

2. The amount of danger was impossible to imagine or to describe.

3. I have come to ask a favor and to seek your help.

4. Are you unable to see or to read the sign?

5. The bucking horse jumped high to throw me and to break my neck.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to entertain/to be seen modify the verb performed

2. to imagine/to describe modify the predicate adjective impossible

3. to ask a favor/to seek your help modify the verb have come

4. to see/to read the sign modify the predicate adjective unable

5. to throw me/to break my neck modify the verb jumped

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Lesson 233 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Adverb Infinitives

2011-11-23T07:00:00.000-07:00

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used asan adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Adverb infinitives are used to modify predicate adjectives.

Instructions: Find the infinitives or infinitive phrases in these sentences and tell whatword they modify.

1. The van is ready to go.

2. You are sure to meet him again.

3. My horse is hard to catch.

4. I am happy to be of service.

5. Joan is likely to change her mind.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to go modifies the predicate adjective ready

2. to meet him again modifies the predicate adjective sure

3. to catch modifies the predicate adjective hard

4. to be of service modifies the predicate adjective happy

5. to change her mind modifies the predicate adjective likely

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Lesson 232 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Adverb Infinitives

2011-11-22T07:00:00.000-07:00

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used asan adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Adverb infinitives are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why.

Instructions: Find the infinitive phrases in these sentences and tell what word theymodify.

1. She came to explain the answer.

2. The kids went to see the circus.

3. On the rough road I drove carefully to prevent any damage.

4. I returned a different way to avoid further damage.

5. We stopped at a cafe to eat lunch.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to explain the answer modifies the verb came

2. to see the circus modifies the verb went

3. to prevent any damage modifies the verb drove

4. to avoid further damage modifies the verb returned

5. to eat lunch modifies the verb stopped

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Lesson 231 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Adverb Infinitives

2011-11-21T07:00:00.000-07:00

An infinitive is to plus a verb form. It can be used asan adverb. Examples: to be, to see, to be seen, to be eaten.

Adverb infinitives are used to modify verbs. They usually tell why.

Instructions: Find the infinitives in these sentences and tell what word they modify.

1. The man came to confess.

2. We should study to learn.

3. The girls were waiting to be asked.

4. Our neighbor called to apologize.

5. I went to the hospital to rest.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. to confess modifies the verb came

2. to learn modifies the verb should study

3. to be asked modifies the verb were waiting

4. to apologize modifies the verb called

5. to rest modifies the verb went

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Quiz for Lessons 226 - 230 - Parts of the Sentence - Participles

2011-11-19T07:00:00.000-07:00

Instructions: Combine these sentences using a participial phrase.

1. I strolled down the lane. I was enjoying the fragrant air.

2. My dog wanted his meal. He was begging at my feet.

3. The contestant crossed her fingers for luck. She hoped it was the rightanswer.

4. The paramedic leaned over the victim. He was checking for vital signs.

5. The man shouted for help. He was hanging on the side of the boat.

Instructions: Rewrite these sentences so the participial phrase is used correctly.

6. Drinking in gulps, the pitcher was emptied.

7. Convinced of my honesty, I was allowed to leave.

8. Watching the sunset, the evening was beautiful.

9. Hanging in the closet, I found my new suit.

10. We saw several caves walking through the mountains.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Enjoying the fragrant air, I strolled down the lane.

2. Begging at my feet, my dog wanted his meal.

3. Hoping it was the right answer, the contestant crossed her fingers forluck.

4. Checking for vital signs, the paramedic leaned over the victim.

5. Hanging on the side of the boat, the man shouted for help.

6. Drinking in gulps, I emptied the pitcher.

7. Convinced of my honesty, the police allowed me to leave.

8. Watching the sunset, I found the evening beautiful.

9. I found my new suit hanging in the closet.

10. Walking through the mountains, we saw several caves.

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Lesson 230 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Participles

2011-11-18T07:00:00.000-07:00

A participle is used as an adjective and ends various ways. A presentparticiple always ends with ing as does the gerund, but remember that itis an adjective. A past participle ends with ed, n, or irregularly. Examples:played, broken, brought, sung, seeing, having seen, being seen, seen, havingbeen seen. Participles modify nouns and pronouns and can precede or follow theword modified. (Do not confuse participles that end in ing with gerunds.Participles are used as adjectives; gerunds are used as nouns.)

A participial phrase is made up of a participle and any complements(direct objects, predicate nominatives, predicate adjectives, or modifiers) likethe gerund. A participial phrase that comes at the beginning of thesentence is always followed by a comma and modifies the subject of the sentence.

Participial phrases sometimes appear to modify a word that they cannotlogically modify. The word it should modify does not appear in the sentence.

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences by rearranging the words or by adding a wordor words to make them clear and logical.

1. Looking over the outlook, the canyon seemed magnificent.

2. Typing my research paper, the keys jammed.

3. Playing the piano, my dog started to howl.

4. Eating lunch, the doorbell rang.

5. Having walked several miles, my new shoes hurt.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Looking over the outlook, I saw a magnificent canyon.

2. Typing my research paper, I jammed the keys.

3. Playing the piano, I caused my dog to start to howl.

4. Eating lunch, she heard the doorbell ring.

5. Having walked several miles, I had sore feet from my new shoes.

(You must add a word to be the subject.)

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Lesson 229 - Parts of the Sentence - Verbals - Participles

2011-11-17T07:00:00.000-07:00

Participial phrases are sometimes misplaced in a sentence causingconfusion.

Instructions: Rewrite the following sentences placing the participial phrases where theyshould be.

1. Carl served me a malt dressed in his new uniform.

2. We found our cat walking home from school.

3. I was stung by a bee pruning my trees.

4. They found an antique store looking for a place to eat.

5. The package was delivered by the mailman wrapped with red paper.

--For answers scroll down.

Answers:

1. Dressed in his new uniform, Carl served me a malt.

2. Walking home from school, we found our cat.

3. Pruning my trees, I was stung by a bee.

4. Looking for a place to eat, they found an antique store.

5. The package, wrapped with red paper, was delivered by the mailman.

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